葡萄树主要生长期内钾素的吸收与累积规律  

Annual change of potassium content and accumulation in grape tree

作　　者：马文娟[1] 同延安[2] 王百祥[1] 杨莉芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]渭南职业技术学院农学院,陕西渭南714000 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第9期127-132,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：渭南职业技术学院院级重点课题(WZYZ201204)

摘　　要：【目的】研究葡萄树主要生长期内生物量、钾含量及钾累积量的变化规律,为鲜食葡萄生产中施钾量及施肥时期的确定提供理论依据。【方法】选取陕西省扶风县揉谷乡新集村7年树龄的"红地球"葡萄园为试验果园,在不同生育阶段(萌芽期(03-30)、幼果期(05-10)、新梢旺长期(06-30)、果实膨大期(08-20)、果实成熟期(09-30)及果树休眠期(11-30)),对葡萄树按不同器官(果实、叶片、新梢、枝条、主干和根系)进行采样,测定不同器官的生物量、钾含量和钾累积量。【结果】在主要生长期内(03-30-11-30),葡萄树地上部各器官生物量总体呈增加趋势,根系生物量变化趋势不明显;葡萄树叶片钾含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,新梢与果实钾含量则持续下降;在相同生育期,葡萄不同器官钾含量表现为新生器官(新梢、叶片和果实)高于成龄器官(枝条、主干、根系)。在生长期内,葡萄树整株钾累积量为140.52kg/hm2,其中叶片、果实、新梢、枝条、主干和根系的钾累积量分别为17.24,64.29,31.63,8.43,7.06,11.87kg/hm2。新梢旺长期和果实膨大期钾累积量较大,分别吸收钾素38.59和64.29kg/hm2,占全年总吸收量的27.5%和45.8%。【结论】本试验中每形成1 000kg经济产量需施K2O 7.8kg,全年推荐施K2O的量为175.6kg/hm2(产量18t/hm2),基施46.9kg/hm2,新梢旺长期和果实膨大期分别追施48.3和80.4kg/hm2。[Objective] This study aimed to find out the potassium absorption, utilization and accumula- tion in grape tree. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in Fufeng county,Shaanxi Province to ana- lyze yearly biomass, potassium content and accumulation at different parts （fruits, leaves, shoots, branch, trunk and roots） of 7-year grape trees （Red globe）. Samples were taken on 03-30,05-10,06-30,08-20 and 09-30, respectively. [Result] Potassium contents in new organs （leaves, shoots and fruits） during early spring were higher than later time. In the same phenophase,potassium contents in new organs were higher than that in old organs （branch,trunk and roots）. Potassium contents in roots had no remarkable change through one year. A total of 140. 52 kg/hm2 potassium were absorbed annually, among which 17. 24 kg/hm2 were absorbed by leaves,and 64.29 kg/hm2 were absorbed by fruits. New shoots,stems and trunks absorbed 31.63,8.43,7.06 kg/hm2 phosphorus,respectively. 11.87 kg/hm2 phosphorus were absorbed by roots. Among the new shoots flourishing period and the fruit growing period, more potassium was needed and about 38.59 kg/hm2 were absorbed during the new shoots flourishing period,and 64.29 kg/hm2 were absorbed during the fruit growing period,accounting for 27.5% and 45.8% of the total uptake,respective-ly. [Conclusion] To obtain 1 000 kg economic yield,grape tree should uptake 7.8 kg potassium. The recom- mended total potassium application rate was 175.6 kg/hm2 （yield 18 t/hm2） with 46.9 kg/hm2 as base fer- tilizer in forced dormancy period o{ plant,and 48.3 kg/hm2 during new shoots flourishing period,and the rest as topdressing in the rapid growing phase of fruit.

关 键 词：葡萄树 钾含量 累积量 年周期变化 

分 类 号：S663.106.2[农业科学—果树学]