中国近50a积雪变化时空特征  

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Snow Cover in China in Recent 50 Years

作　　者：希爽[1] 张志富[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局中国遥感卫星辐射测量和定标重点开放实验室,国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [2]国家气象信息中心,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱气象》2013年第3期451-456,470,共7页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2010CB951600);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2012AA120903);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006003);气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CAMGJ2012M68)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1961～2012年中国1400个站点逐日积雪增量、积雪日数和气温稳定通过0℃日数资料，对我国积雪时空变化特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：我国积雪主要分布在新疆北部地区、东北和内蒙古东北部地区及青藏高原地区，年积雪增量均超过50era；在年代际变化中，1991～2000年我国大部分地区积雪增量偏少；在对我国5个区域的趋势分析中，新疆北部地区、东北和内蒙古东北部地区积雪量有显著增加趋势，积雪日数的变化趋势均不显著，气温稳定通过0oC日数均呈显著减少。This paper studies the spatial and temporal distribution of snow cover in China in recent 50 years by using the snow cover depth, snow cover days and days of temperature steadily below 0 ℃ from 1 400 observation stations in China. The analysis results show that the spatial distribution of snow cover was inhomogeneous, which mainly distributed in the north of Xinjiang, the northeast China and the Tibetan Plateau. The increment of annual snow cover exceeded 50 cm in these three areas, and snow cover days exceeded 100 d in the north of Xinjiang and the northeast China. From 1991 to 2000 the snow cover increment was less in most areas of China. The Mann - Kendall test and moving T - test were used to check the abrupt change in this paper. The increment of snow cover presented ev- idently increasing trend in the north of Xinjiang and the northeast China, and the abrupt change occurred in 1984 and 1978, respective- ly, but for Tibetan Plateau, the snow cover increased before 1985 and then decreased, the abrupt change occurred in 2002. In north and central China, there were no significant decadal variation for snow cover. The days of temperature steadily below 0 ℃ were obvi- ously decreasing in all areas. In a word, the temperature was increasing, snow cover days changed evidently and the snow cover incre- ment was increasing in the north of Xinjiang and the northeast China, which reflected the frequency of strong snowfall was increasing in these areas. And the temperature was increasing, snow cover days changed little, the snow cover increment was decreasing in north China plain, which reflected the frequency of strong snowfall was decreasing there.

关 键 词：积雪增量 积雪日数 趋势 

分 类 号：P426.635[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]