MP-3000A型地基微波辐射计探测性能及其在乌鲁木齐降水天气中的初步应用  

Detection Performance of MP - 3000A Ground - based Microwave Radiometer and Its Preliminary Application During Rainfall Processes in Urumqi

作　　者：杨莲梅[1,2] 李霞[2] 赵玲[2] 王世杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱气象》2013年第3期570-578,共9页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IDM200802);新疆自然科学基金(2011211A102)共同资助

摘　　要：利用乌鲁木齐MP-3000A型35通道地基微波辐射计与L波段高空气象探测系统2010年逐日探测的温湿度,分析微波辐射计探测温湿度性能及其在降水天气中的特征。结果表明:微波辐射计与探空测量温、湿度具有很好的相关性和一致性,两者观测58层高度的温度、相对湿度、水汽密度和整层可降水量的相关系数分别为0.99、0.74、0.92和0.94,均达到0.01显著性水平。10 km以下垂直廓线分析表明:微波辐射计测量的温度值均小于探空测量值,相对湿度和水汽密度大于探空测量值,存在系统误差。可降水量偏差冬季最小,夏季最大。降水发生时两者探测的温湿度廓线变化趋势一致,温度和2 000 m以上水汽密度受降水天气影响相对较小,微波辐射计能较好地反映大雨和暴雨天气发生和结束过程中热力和水汽参数的时空分布和剧烈变化特征。By using daily temperature and humidity data detected by the 35 - channel of MP - 3000A ground - based microwave radiom- eter and L - band atmosphere detection system in Urumqi in 2010, the detection performances of the ground - based microwave radiom- eter and its application during rainfall weather processes were investigated. The results show that temperature and humidity data meas- ured by the ground - based microwave radiometer and L - band atmosphere detection system had good consistency and correlation, and the correlation coefficients of temperature, relative humidity, water vapor density and precipitable water were 0.99, 0.74, 0.92 and 0. 94, respectively, which all reached a significant level at 0.01. The analysis of the vertical profile below 10 km showed that the temper- ature measured by the radiometer was systemically smaller than that measured by radiosonde, but the relative humidity and water vapor density were larger than the sounding measurements. The deviation of mesured values of precipitable water was minimum in winter and maximum in summer. The change trend of profiles of temperature and humidity measured by the radiometer and radiosonde were the same when rainfall oecurre, and the temperature and the water vapor density over 2 000 m were less influenced by rainfall weather. The microwave radiometer can well reflect the spatial and temporal distribution and violent variation features of the heat and water vapor pa- rameters during the beginning and ending stage of heavy rainfall.

关 键 词：微波辐射计 温度 水汽密度 相对湿度 可降水量 

分 类 号：P407.7[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]