厦门市市属企业噪声作业人员职业健康监护情况  

Occupational health surveillance among noise-exposed employees of municipal enterprises in Xiamen City

作　　者：李晓宏[1] 贾玉珠[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省厦门市疾病预防控制中心,361021

出　　处：《职业与健康》2013年第20期2619-2621,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析厦门市市属企业噪声作业人员健康监护情况,为噪声性听力损伤的预防和干预提供科学依据。方法用流行病学描述性研究方法,对2012年1月1日—12月31日该市市属企业噪声作业人员职业健康监护情况和2007年开始职业病网络上报的职业性噪声聋发病数据进行统计分析。结果①该市职业噪声危害分布较为广泛,职业噪声接触人数较多的行业依次是轻工、交通、机械和电子行业,各行业职业健康监护平均受检率达96.26%(5 506/5 720)。②检出噪声作业禁忌证129人,总检出率2.34%。其中岗前禁忌证118人,检出率8.12%(118/1 453);岗前禁忌证中以双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dBHL检出率最高,为4.27%,构成比为52.54%。岗间禁忌证11人,检出率0.28%(11/3 886);岗间禁忌证中双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dBHL伴耳鸣检出率较高,为0.18%,构成比为63.64%。③职业性噪声聋新发病例10例,占新发职业病的26.32%;平均发病工龄12.29 a;病例分布在轻工塑料制品编织和船舶及浮动装置制造行业并呈现企业集中趋势。结论职业性噪声聋已成为该市继尘肺病之后的第2位职业病,今后应加大监督部门对噪声危害严重的行业和企业的职业卫生监管力度,建立健全用人单位职业病防治和职业健康教育机制,扩大噪声作业人员职业健康监护覆盖面,提高职业健康监护质量。[Objective]To analyze the health surveillance situation among noise-exposed employees and provide scientific evidence for preventing and intervening noise-induced hearing impairment in municipal enterprises in Xiamen City. [ Methods ] Descriptive epidemiology research methods were adopted to statistically analyze the health surveillance situation of noise-exposed employees and the incidence of occupational noise deafness reported through network from 2007. [ Results] （1）The distribution of occupational noise hazards was relatively wide in Xiamen City, and the occupations with relatively more employees exposed to noise was light industry followed by transportation, machinery and electronics industry. The examination rate of occupational heahh surveillance among all industries reached 96.26% on average. （2）A total of 129 noise-exposed employees were detected noise operation contraindication, and the total rate was 2.34% ; 118 employees were tested pre-employment contraindication, and the rate was 8.12% （ 118/1 453 ） , among them the detection rate of binaural average high frequency hearing threshold ≥40 dBHL was highest, reaching 4.27%, and the constituent ratio was 52.54% ; 11 employees were tested in-service contraindication, and the rate was 0.28%, among them the detection rate of binaural average high frequency hearing threshold ≥40 dBHL accompanied with tinnitus was higher, reaching 0. 18%, and the constituent ratio was 63.64%. （3）Ten new cases of noise-induced hearing loss were identified, and accounted for 26.32% of the new cases of occupational disease. The average length of service was 12.29 years, and the cases distributed in light industrial plastic weaving and ships and floating device manufacturing industry which presented enterprise central tendency. [ Conclusion] Noise-induced hearing impairment has become the second occupational disease after pneumoconiosis in Xiamen City. Supervision department should strengthen the occupational health supervision on industries and enterprises w

关 键 词：职业健康监护 噪声作业 禁忌证 

分 类 号：R136.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]