Mast cells and basophils are essential for allergies： mechanisms of allergic inflammation and a proposed procedure for diagnosis  

作　　者：Shao-heng HE Hui-yun ZHANG Xiao-ning ZENG Dong CHEN Ping-chang YANG 

机构地区：[1]AIlergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China [2]Department of Pathophysiol- ogy, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571101, China [3]Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical Univer- sity, Nanjing 210029, China [4]Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

出　　处：《Acta Pharmacologica Sinica》2013年第10期1270-1283,共14页中国药理学报（英文版）

基　　金：This project was supported through grants from the Major State Basic Research Program of China （973 Program, No 2013CB530500）; the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No 81030054, 81172836, 81241135, and 81060250）; and the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China （No BK2010020）.

摘　　要：The current definition of allergy is a group of IgE-mediated diseases. However, a large portion of patients with clinical manifestations of allergies do not exhibit elevated serum levels of IgE （slgEs）. In this article, three key factors, ie soluble allergens, slgEs and mast cells or basophils, representing the causative factors, messengers and primary effector cells in allergic inflammation, respectively, were discussed. Based on current knowledge on allergic diseases, we propose that allergic diseases are a group of diseases mediated through activated mast cells and/or basophils in sensitive individuals, and allergic diseases include four subgroups： （1） IgE dependent; （2） other immunoglobulin dependent; （3） non-immunoglobulin mediated; （4） mixture of the first three subgroups. According to our proposed definition, pseudo-allergic-reactions, in which mast cell or basophil activation is not mediated via IgE, or to a lesser extent via IgG or IgM, should be non-lgE-mediated allergic diseases. Specific allergen challenge tests （SACTs） are gold standard tests for diagnos- ing allergies in vivo, but risky. The identification of surface membrane activation markers of mast cells and basophils （CD203c, CCR3, CD63, etc） has led to development of the basophil activation test （BAT）, an in vitro specific allergen challenge test （SACT）. Based on currently available laboratory allergy tests, we here propose a laboratory examination procedure for allergy.The current definition of allergy is a group of IgE-mediated diseases. However, a large portion of patients with clinical manifestations of allergies do not exhibit elevated serum levels of IgE （slgEs）. In this article, three key factors, ie soluble allergens, slgEs and mast cells or basophils, representing the causative factors, messengers and primary effector cells in allergic inflammation, respectively, were discussed. Based on current knowledge on allergic diseases, we propose that allergic diseases are a group of diseases mediated through activated mast cells and/or basophils in sensitive individuals, and allergic diseases include four subgroups： （1） IgE dependent; （2） other immunoglobulin dependent; （3） non-immunoglobulin mediated; （4） mixture of the first three subgroups. According to our proposed definition, pseudo-allergic-reactions, in which mast cell or basophil activation is not mediated via IgE, or to a lesser extent via IgG or IgM, should be non-lgE-mediated allergic diseases. Specific allergen challenge tests （SACTs） are gold standard tests for diagnos- ing allergies in vivo, but risky. The identification of surface membrane activation markers of mast cells and basophils （CD203c, CCR3, CD63, etc） has led to development of the basophil activation test （BAT）, an in vitro specific allergen challenge test （SACT）. Based on currently available laboratory allergy tests, we here propose a laboratory examination procedure for allergy.

关 键 词：ALLERGY mast cell BASOPHIL IGE IgG pseudo-allergic reaction specific allergen challenge test basophil activation test 

分 类 号：S852.4[农业科学—基础兽医学] TS974.22[农业科学—兽医学]