磁等离子体推力器工作机理与应用前景研究  

Work Mechanism and Application Prospect of Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster

作　　者：程蛟[1,2] 汤海滨[1] 刘兵[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学宇航学院,北京100191 [2]上海微小卫星工程中心,上海201203 [3]北京航天试验技术研究所,北京100074

出　　处：《空间控制技术与应用》2013年第5期34-38,共5页Aerospace Control and Application

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51276006);航天创新基金资助项目

摘　　要：研究了发动机能量输入、工质电离、等离子体加速及能量转换过程及机理,同时分析了磁等离子体推力器在空间推进任务中的应用前景.研究表明磁等离子体推力器主要利用电磁力加速和磁喷管的能量转换作用来实现加速,这种方式在大功率条件下,能够获得大推力、高功率和较长工作时间,在大功率轨道航天器和深空任务中有广阔的应用前景.Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters are accelerating devices with high-power,which are potentially useful in deep space exploration missions for the significant advantages such as high specific impulse, thrust density and efficiency. Detailed analysis is given on the thruster working mechanism and application prospect in this paper. The thruster energy input, propellant ionization, plasmas acceleration and energy conversion mechanisms are mainly studied, and the application prospects of magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters in space propulsion missions are also analyzed. The study shows that the magnetoplasmadynamic thruster mainly applies electromagnetic forces and energy conversion effect of magnetic nozzle to acceler- ate plasmas. This acceleration mode can produce large thrust, and additionally it is high efficient and has long work time. This class of thruster can be widely used in the high-power orbit vehicles for deep space exploration missions.

关 键 词：磁等离子体推力器 工作机理 轨道控制 深空探测 

分 类 号：V11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]