太湖地区主栽高产水稻的氮素利用特性  

Nitrogen use efficiency in major rice cultivars with high yield in Taihu Lake region

作　　者：陈贵[1] 陈莹[2] 施卫明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所面源污染治理技术研发中心,江苏南京210008 [2]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2013年第5期928-937,共10页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目2012BAD15B03;公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20100314-1)

摘　　要：通过连续2年田间试验研究了太湖地区主栽高产水稻在不同施氮(N)水平(0 kg/hm2、200 kg/hm2和270 kg/hm2)下的氮素吸收、利用特性。结果表明:太湖地区水稻武运粳23号和镇稻11号的产量对氮肥施用的响应程度要强于对照品种武育粳3号;武运粳23号、镇稻11号整个生育期的氮素累积量显著高于武育粳3号,但氮素累积量的优势主要体现于齐穗期之后,主要原因为齐穗期后武运粳23号、镇稻11号的根系特性(如根系干物质累积、根体积及根系伤流速率)及与光合特性紧密相关的叶面积指数和SPAD值的下降程度要缓于对照品种武育粳3号。武运粳23号、镇稻11号在施用氮肥条件下对氮素的利用效率明显高于武育粳3号,但主要表现在对氮素的吸收利用效率,而对氮素的生理利用效率则与武育粳3号无显著差异,主要原因为武运粳23号、镇稻11号对干物质、氮素的转运、分配能力无优势。因此,如果在育种工作中能改善水稻的氮素生理利用效率将有助于进一步提高太湖地区高产水稻的氮素利用效率和产量。Two consecutive years＇ field experiments were conducted in Yixing City of Jiangsu province to compare the characteristics of nitrogen （N） absorption and utilization at N application rates of 0 kg/hm2, 200 kg/hm2 and 270 kg/hm2 between high-yield rice cultivars of Wuyunjing 23 and Zhendao 11 planted in Taihu Lake region, with rice cultivar Wuyujing 3 as CK. The results showed the grain yield of Wuyunjing 23 and Zhendao 11 displayed stronger responses to N fertilizer application than Wuyujing 3. Wuyunjing 23 and Zhendao 11 accumulated larger N during whole growth stage com- pared with Wuyujing 3, and the N was accumulated mostly after heading. The better performance of Wuyunjing 23 and Zhendao 11 could be attributed to stronger root function like dry matter accumulation, root volume and root bleeding rate, and ohotosvnthesis-related indexes like leaf area index and SPAD value after headinz staze. Wuvuniin~ 23 and Zhendao 11showed higher N use efficiency, which is mainly characterized by high N uptake efficiency. Due to similar capacity in translocation and distribution of dry matter and N in Wnyunjing 23 and Zhendao 11, they had no big difference in physiological N use efficiency from Wuyun- jing 3. Therefore, improving physiological N use efficiency will be beneficial to further increase nitrogen use efficiencyin high-yield rice cuhivar in Taihu Lake region.

关 键 词：水稻 氮素累积 氮素吸收效率 氮素生理利用效率 氮素分配 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]