制度歧视与结构排斥:北京市青年流动人口职业流动变动研究  

Institutional Segregation and Structural Discrimination: Occupational Status of Young Migrants in Beijing

作　　者：杨菊华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第3期68-80,共13页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(08CSH017);北京市社会科学基金重点项目(11SHA004)

摘　　要：职业是个体经济地位的关键指标,也是群体社会分层的重要标志。作为中国的政治、文化、经济中心,北京有着比任何其他城市都多的高端职业,故而一直都是青年流动人口寻求职业发展的重要场域。通过使用多次普查和小普查数据,比较、分析了近三十年北京市青年流动人口职业地位的纵向变动趋势和影响因素。结果表明:本地市民和流动人口的职业地位均得到改善,且高于全国平均水平;但由于较低的职业技能和较少的社会资本,青年人口的职业地位都较低,在其他条件相同的情况下,青年乡—城流动人口的职业地位低于年长乡—城流动人口,显示出作为青年人、农村人和外来人的三重弱势。因为制度性和结构性歧视所造成的社会分层被顽固地再生产和维持着。Occupational prestige is one of the most important indicators of individual socioeconomic status. As the capital city and political, economic, social and cultural center of China, Beijing holds more high-status occupa- tions than any other places in China, and therefore has been attractive for young migrants who aim to pursue a better career. Based on multiple waves of census and mini-census data, this paper examines the changing trend and determinants of occupational status of young migrants in Beijing over the years 1982 - 2005. Analytical results suggest that the occupational status of all people has improved over time, but local residents have experienced a fast pace of enhancement than migrants. While a lower status is a shared phenomenon by young people, regardless of locations and types of hukou, young rural-urban migrants have the lowest occupational status, suggesting triple disadvantages as rural-ers, outsiders and youth. Clearly, regardless of time period, the relative so- cioeconomic status reflected by occupation has never changed in the reform-era China due to institutional segregation.

关 键 词：流动人口 青年 职业流动 制度歧视 北京 

分 类 号：C92-05[社会学—人口学]