钙氮营养平衡对番茄叶霉病抗性的影响  

Effect of calcium and nitrogen balance on disease resistance to cladosporium fulvum of tomato

作　　者：周晓阳[1] 依艳丽[1] 徐龙超[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2013年第5期56-61,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41171192)

摘　　要：为探讨钙氮营养对番茄抗叶霉病效果的影响,采用沙培的方法,研究了钙氮比为1∶1、1∶2、1∶4和1∶8条件下,番茄接种叶霉病病原菌后叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性变化、番茄发病率和番茄体内钙的积累量.结果表明,接种后各处理的番茄PAL、PPO、POD和CAT酶活性均显著提高,其中钙氮比为1∶4条件下酶活性增加幅度最大,峰值最高,其次是钙氮比为1∶2处理,钙氮比为1∶8处理番茄POD、PPO酶活性峰值较其他处理酶活性峰值出现晚.钙氮比为1∶2和1∶4下番茄的病情指数显著低于其它处理.在钙氮比为1∶2～1∶4条件下,番茄体内钙的积累量较高,钙素在番茄根、茎、叶中的分配平衡.研究结果表明,钙氮比为1∶2～1∶4有利于番茄体内钙含量的积累,钙在根、茎、叶中均衡分配,提高番茄抗叶霉病的能力.过量的氮会减少番茄植株内钙的含量,降低番茄抗病性.The sand culture was carried out to study the effect of calcium and nitrogen nutrition on disease resistance to cla- dosporlum fulvum of tomato, and studied the changes of phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT） activity and incidence in the conditions of calcium and nitrogen nutrition ratios of 1： 1, 1：2, 1：4 and 1：8, and the calcuim accumulation intomato. The results showed that PAL, PPO, POD and CAT activity increased significantly through inoculation in treatments. Enzyme activity increase amplitude was the largest in the calcium and nitrogen nutrition ratio of 1 ： 4, and there was the highest peak in the calcium and nitrogen nutrition ratio of 1 ： 4, and the second was in the calcium and nitrogen nutrition ratio of 1 ： 2. Compared with other treatments, POD and PPO enzymatic activity peak appeared later in calcium and nitrogen nutrition ratio of 1 ： 8. Compared with other treatments, the desease in- dex was significantly lower in calcium and nitrogen ratios of 1 ： 2 and 1 ： 4. When calcuim and nitrogen ratio was from 1 ： 2 to 1：4, calcium accumulation in tomato was much higher, and calcium element was distributed evenly in tomato root, sterm and leaf. It was illustrated that calcuim accumulation in tomato was much more and distibuted evenly in root, sterm and leaf. When calcium and nitrogen nutrition ratios was between 1 ： 2 and 1 ： 4. It was shown that resistance ability of the tomato leaf mildew could be improved significantly in conditions of calcium and nitrogen ratios of 1 ： 2 and 1 ： 4. Excess nitrogen could reduce the calcuim accumulation in tomato and could decrease the disease resistance in tomato.

关 键 词：番茄 钙 氮 叶霉病 防御酶 

分 类 号：S436.412[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] Q945.1[农业科学—植物保护]