基于GIS的福州应急避难所空间格局评价  

Spatial Pattern of Emergency Shelters in Fuzhou: An Evaluation Based on GIS

作　　者：林雅萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007

出　　处：《亚热带资源与环境学报》2013年第3期89-94,共6页Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金基础科学人才培养基地项目(J1210067);福建省科技厅重大项目(2012Y4001);福建省科技厅重点项目(2012Y0022);福建省大学生创新创业训练计划项目资助

摘　　要：日益凸显的突发性自然灾害对城市应急管理提出了更高的要求,应急避难所是其重要基础设施之一.本研究利用福州市社区尺度的人口统计数据建立高精度的人口密度分布图,根据应急避难所的容纳人数与人口密度图动态缓冲区分析计算其服务能力空间范围,对研究区内21个避难所的空间格局进行评价.结果表明,福州城区避难所建设数量不足,空间分布不均,人口服务辐射能力弱.针对福州城区避难所空间分布现状,分析了主要的影响因素,对福州城区应急避难场所选址提出了进一步优化建议,认为在人口分散区的避难所应该增加数量,适当减小规模;而在人口稠密区则可增加规模适中的避难所建设.Increasing natural disasters require more urban emergency management, especially in the construction of more high quality emergency shelters within city area. A high-resolution map of popula- tion density is derived from Fuzhou demographic data at community scale, and by dynamic buffering technique, spatial service ranges of every emergency shelters in Fuzhou were calculated according to population density and the population covered by each shelter. Then, spatial pattern of the 21 shelters was appraised, showing a still insufficient number of the shelters, and uneven spatial distribution and weak service capability of them. Main influencing factors of the situation are discussed, by which we suggest a reduction in existing shelter scale, especially more medium-scale shelters be constructed in densely populated area.

关 键 词：应急避难所 空间格局 服务半径 福州市 

分 类 号：X9[环境科学与工程—安全科学]