中药注射剂(类)致敏反应的超分子作用分析与研究方法探讨  

Investigation of action analysis and research approach of supramolecule on(homeo-)sensitization responses for the Chinese matria medica injection

作　　者：贺福元[1,2,3] 邓凯文[4] 周逸群[1] 刘志刚[1] 石继连[1,2] 刘文龙[1,2] 杨岩涛[1,2] 唐宇 

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药大学药学院,湖南长沙410208 [2]中药药性与药效国家中医药管理局重点实验室,湖南长沙410208 [3]湖南中医药大学现代中药制剂制备技术与评价实验室,湖南长沙410208 [4]湖南中医药大学第一附属医院,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《湖南中医药大学学报》2013年第9期3-9,共7页Journal of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81073142;81173558;81270055);国家博士点基金(20124323110002);湖南省自然基金重点(11JJ2055);湖南省教育厅十二五药学重点学科资助

摘　　要：目的分析中药注射剂研究的现状,探讨超分子结构形式对免疫毒性作用及研究方法。方法总结中药注射研究,特别是安全性研究现状,分析中药注射剂可能存在的超分子形式,阐述中药注射剂免疫毒性研究中的超分子结构作用及研究方法。结果中药注射剂的不良反应以致敏与类致敏反应为主,致敏原可能为注射剂中单分子成分及其代谢产物,更可能是由单分子成分组合而成的超分子形式。中药注射剂中的单分子成分可以自身或相互络合、复合、螯合、包合、中和、自组装及化学反应形成超分子物质,其表观分子量、免疫原性会显者性地增加。中药注射给药时这种形式得以最大保留,而在口服给药时,因肠胃道的吸收作用而拆散了这种形式,因此中药给药注射易而口服难产生免疫毒性。结论中药的物质基础是基于包括单分子在内的超分子群混合物,中药注射给药能最大保留这种形式,而口服给药能显著性地改变这一形式。在进行中药注射剂安全性研究时,应特别重视超分子的作用规律与研究方法,这是中药注射剂区别于单分子注射剂所产生免疫毒性最为本质的地方。Objective To analyze the research status of Chinese materia medica injection（CMMI）, and to investigate their immunotoxicities owning to supramolecular structure and the suitable research approach. Methods The research status of the CMMI, especially their safety research was summarized, and possibly existing supramolecular forms in the CMMI were analyzed in order to explain the supramolecular structure actions in the research of the CMMI immunotoxicities, as the research approach as well. Results There were mainly two kinds of immunotoxicity （senstization and homeo-sensitization responses） and the sensitinogens might be unimolecule and their metabolites, especially the supramolecular structures formed from the single compounds that can build the supramolecular structure by complex, composite, chelation, inclusion, neutralization, self-assembly and chemical reaction, which could markedly improve their apparent molecular weight and immunogenicity. The supramolecular structures would be reserved in maximum in injection administration, whereas they would be disassembled in oral administration. Therefore, it was more easily to generate immunotoxicity by injection administration than the oral administration. Conclusion The material foundation of the CMMI consists of the supramolecular group mixtures including single molecules, which can be reserved in maximum by injection administration, but markedly changed by oral administration. The regularities and research approach of supramolecular action should be thought highly during the study of the CMMI safeties, which is the most essential for the CMMI distinguishing from the single ingredient injection.

关 键 词：中药注射剂 免疫毒性 中药超分子 (类)致敏反应 口服给药 注射给药 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]