超细纤度蚕茧的烘干、煮茧、缫丝工艺试验  

An Experiment on Drying,Cooking and Reeling Cocoons of Ultrafine Filament

作　　者：钱文春 余荣峰[2] 杨永健 严海建[2] 邵国昌[2] 楼黎静 时连根[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖州市蚕业技术推广站,浙江湖州313000 [2]淳安县茧丝绸总公司,浙江淳安311700 [3]浙江大学动物科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2013年第5期951-955,共5页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：浙江省重大科技专项重点农业项目(No.2011C12036)

摘　　要：为了生产高品质的超细纤度生丝,对单丝纤度约1.1 dtex的超细纤度家蚕原料茧的烘干、煮茧、缫丝工艺进行试验优化。依据缫丝成绩,选择烘茧的主要工艺技术条件为:头冲90℃烘90 min,出灶陇堆回性12 h;二冲从90℃匀速降温到75℃,烘120 min至适干。煮茧的主要工艺技术条件为:高温渗透段温度95℃,低温渗透段温度55℃,蒸煮段温度95℃,调整段温度80～90℃,出口保护段温度50℃;煮茧时间7 min。缫丝的主要工艺技术条件为:调换磁眼孔径60～70μm的集绪器,丝鞘长度约14 cm;索绪温度90℃±3℃;缫丝汤温36℃±3℃,流量700 mL/min±100 mL/min;缫丝车速80～100 r/min;人工定粒添绪。研究结果显示:在偏低温度条件下较长时间烘茧以及在低温条件下短时间煮茧,有利于提高蚕茧的解舒率及茧丝的清洁和洁净;以较低的缫丝车速及高温索绪和偏高温度的缫丝汤缫丝,有利于提高蚕茧的解舒率;将缫丝机自动感知定纤添绪改为人工定粒添绪,调换小孔径磁眼集绪器并定稍长的丝鞘,有利于提高生丝的品质。Abstract In order to produce high-quality raw silk of ultrafine size, various treatments were tested to dry, cook and reel raw cocoons of ultrafine filament whose single yarn size was about 1.1 dtex. Based on the reeling data, appropriate ma- jor process condition for drying cocoons was. primary drying at 90 ℃ for 90 rain and a range of long pile back for 12 h, second drying from 90℃ down to 75℃ evenly and maintaining at 75 ℃ for 120 min. That for cooking cocoons was. high temperature permeating stage at 95 ℃, low temperature permeating stage at 55 ℃, steaming stage at 95 ℃, finishing stage at 80 -90℃,guarded exit stage at 50 ℃, and cooking time 7 min. That for reeling cocoons was. the collection device with magneticl eye aperture at 60 -70 μm, croisure length about 14 cm, end-groping temperature at 90 ℃ ±3 ℃, reeling water temperature at 36 ℃ ±3 ℃, flow rate at 700 mL/min±100 mL/min, reeler speed about 80 - 100 r/min, and manual fixed-cocoon-number end feeding, The results indicated that drying cocoon with lower temperature and lon- ger time and steaming cocoon with lower temperature and shorter time are favorable to improve the reelability of cocoonsand cleanness and neatness of raw silk. Lower reeler speed, high end-groping temperature and higher reeling water temperature are favorable to increase reelability of cocoons. Turning the reeler＇s automafically sensed fixed- filament-size end feeding into manual fixed-cocoon-num- ber end feeding, using small aperture magnetic eye col-lection device, and setting longer croisure length are favorable to enhance quality of the raw silk.

关 键 词：蚕茧 超细纤度茧丝 烘干 煮茧 缫丝 工艺技术 

分 类 号：S886[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养] TS143[农业科学—畜牧兽医]