浏阳黑山羊胃肠道不同部位重要功能微生物的数量分布特征研究  

Quantity and Distribution Characteristics of Functional Microorganisms in Gastrointestinal Tract of Liuyang Black Goats

作　　者：焦金真[1,2] 王芃芃[1,2] 汤少勋[1] 周传社[1] 谭支良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南省畜禽健康养殖工程技术中心,农业部中南动物营养与饲料科学观测实验站,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2013年第10期1590-1599,共10页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05020700)

摘　　要：旨在研究山羊胃肠道不同部位微生物组成及分布特征,以期为探索胃肠道不同部位微生物的营养代谢功能奠定基础。选择山羊胃肠道具有明确已知功能特征的甲烷菌和细菌来进行qRT-PCR定量研究。细菌中又选择了2个属(乳杆菌和双岐杆菌),5个种(4种纤维降解菌和栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌)。选取4只体况良好、年龄相同(1岁半左右)、体重相近((20.0±1.2)kg)的浏阳黑山羊作为试验动物的4个重复。同时屠宰4只羊,取瘤胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠的食糜,提取总DNA,通过构建重组标准质粒来对这些微生物进行绝对qRT-PCR定量研究。结果,本研究已成功构建细菌及甲烷菌的标准质粒。健康状况良好的成年浏阳黑山羊胃肠道不同部位的微生物存在差异(P<0.01),同时胃肠道相同部位的微生物在数量上也存在着差异。除溶纤维丁酸弧菌外,检测的微生物均是在瘤胃中最多。在后肠道、空肠和十二指肠的微生物数量最少,回肠的微生物较多,以盲肠、结肠和直肠中的微生物最多。山羊胃肠道不同部位重要功能微生物的数量分布情况差异极显著(P<0.01),但总体上是瘤胃最多,盲肠、结肠、直肠居中,回肠次之,十二指肠和空肠最少。重要功能微生物分布特征的差异为探索胃肠道不同部位微生物的营养代谢功能奠定基础。The aim of this study was to explore the quantity and distribution characteristics of functional microorganisms in gastrointestinal tract of Liuyang Black goats, and provide founda- tion for further study on nutritional metabolism of these microbes. Microbes with known definite functions, such as bacteria and methogen, four cellulolytic bacteria, probiotics （Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteriurn）, Prevotella rurninicola were selected in this study. Four Liuyang Black goats （1.5-year-old, （20.0±1.2）kg weight） were slaughtered at the same time and the digesta in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum and rumen were collected for the isolation ofthe DNA, followed by the construction of the recombined standard plasmids, qRT-PCR was used for the absolute quantification of the microbes. The standard plasmids and curves of the microbes and methogen were constructed successfully and could be applied to the research. There were sig- nificant differences （P〈0.01） in microbes between the 7 sections of the gastrointestinal tract of Liuyang Black goats. And the numbers of the microbes in the same section differed from each other significantly. Apart from the Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, the largest number of the microbes was found in the rumen. In the intestinal tract, the number of microbes in the duodenum and je- junum was the least, while the number of microbes in the cecum, colon and rectum was the lar- gest. The quantity and distribution characteristics of functional microorganisms in different gas- trointestinal tracts of Liuyang Black goats significantly differ from each other （P〈0.01）. Over- all, the number in the rumen was the biggest; the number in the cecum, colon and rectum was middle, followed by the ileum, while the least number was found in the duodenum and jejunum. This difference in the quantity and distribution characteristics of functional microorganisms in gastrointestinal tract has paved a way for the further study on different nutritional metabolism of these microbes.

关 键 词：胃肠道 实时荧光定量PCR 微生物 浏阳黑山羊 

分 类 号：S827[农业科学—畜牧学] S811.2[农业科学—畜牧兽医]