加利福尼亚州“地下储油罐低风险结案政策”及其对中国的启示  

“Low-threat underground storage tank case closure policy”in California and its inspiring to China

作　　者：姜林[1] 樊艳玲[1] 李婷婷[1] 钟茂生[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术中心,北京市污染场地风险模拟与修复重点实验室,北京100037

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2013年第10期86-92,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：北京市科委重大项目(No.D08040900360804);中意污染场地修复技术合作项目

摘　　要：受地下水修复技术与经济条件的限制,地下水很难在短时间内恢复到背景浓度或者相应地下水水质标准。基于过去25年里地下储油罐非法泄漏污染调查与修复经验,加利福尼亚州水资源控制局颁布了"地下储油罐低风险结案政策"。这项政策的目的是为了保护人体健康和环境安全,而地下水质量达标将主要依靠地下水中污染物的自然衰减作用,从而尽量减少不必要的经济投入。该政策从场地所处位置、污染源组分、浮油与次生污染源清理等方面对其适用条件做出了限定,同时还对地下水、室内挥发性有机污染气体入侵、直接接触与室外空气暴露3个暴露途径分别提出了相应标准。各暴露途径标准的提出主要依据文献中模型模拟结果与场地实际数据统计结果,并在此基础上加上一定的安全系数,以保证结案标准的保守性。结案后的场地无需继续监测。中国目前尚无地下水修复验收标准,根据加利福尼亚州的经验,中国应该制定污染场地数据库,加强地下水自然衰减研究和土壤气研究,避免过度修复,为制定符合中国实际的地下水修复验收标准提供技术与理论基础。Restricted by technical and economic,the polluted groundwater is difficult to attain background level or even the corresponding standard level in a short time. Based on the widespread investigation of unauthorized relea- ses of petroleum from underground storage tanks （UST）,combining with experience gained from remediation of con- taminated sites, the water resources control board of California had published ＂Low-threat underground storage tank case closure policy＂. The purpose of the policy is to protect human health and environment safety. Natural attenuation will be the major mechanism for groundwater restoration so as to reduce the unnecessary economic investment. The policy described its qualification on sites location, pollution components, oil slick or secondary source cleaning and so on,it also gave 3 exposure criteria of groundwater,indoor volatile organic gas invasion,direct contact and outdoor air exposure. These exposure criteria were proposed from both model result and measured field date, certain safety coefficient was also added to make sure the final result was more conservative. Cases that meet the criteria in this policy do not require further corrective action. There are no groundwater remediation criteria in China. According to the experience of California,we should establish a database of contaminated sites, strengthen the study on groundwater nature attenuation and soil gas,avoid excessive repair, so as to provide technical and theoretical basis for the establish of groundwater remediation criteria that conform to our country.

关 键 词：地下水 修复标准 人体健康 

分 类 号：TE88[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]