忠诚还是背叛——论库柏《领航人》中的伦理两难及其历史隐喻  

Loyalty or Betrayal: The Ethical Dilemma in Cooper's The Pilot and Its Historical Implications

作　　者：段波[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波工程学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2013年第5期101-110,共10页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：作者主持的教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目"太平洋书写与帝国建构:19 世纪美国海洋小说研究"【项目编批号:13YJC752003】;浙江省教育厅科研资助项目"库柏海洋小说及其海权思想研究"【项目批号:Y201225262】的阶段性成果

摘　　要：库柏的第一部海洋小说《领航人》探讨的一个主题是人物的伦理身份问题。小说中的男女主角均深陷个人与国家、个人与个人之间错综复杂的伦理关系网之中;因为忠诚或是背叛祖国而引起伦理身份的改变,从而使小说主角陷入伦理两难的困境中。其实,小说对人物伦理身份问题的探讨,是同美国独立之前宗主国英国和北美殖民地复杂的伦理环境紧密联系的,当时殖民地人民也面临着两难的选择:是继续附属于英国母体,还是脱离母国而独立。因此,小说人物伦理两难的实质,正是此历史语境下殖民地人民面临的身份问题的艺术写照;小说人物伦理身份的确立,其本质正是殖民地人民构建美利坚民族身份的历史隐喻。James Fenimore Cooper＇s first sea fiction The Pilot attempts to explore the ethical identity of characters. The protagonists in the novel are all caught up in the tangled web of ethical relations between individuals and the nation, and between individual and individual; they are all in ethical dilemma when confronted with their ethical identity crisis aroused out of the issue of loyalty to or betrayal of their homeland. In fact, the design of the ethical identity of the protagonists is inextricably linked with the ethical situation before the American War of Independence when the colony was confronted with the question whether to continue to be loyal to the mother country or to declare independence from her. Thus the dilemma of the colonists is artistically reflected through the ethical dilemma of the protagonists in the novel, and the building of national identity is also implied by the recognition of the ethical identity of the protagonists in the novel.

关 键 词：《领航人》 伦理身份 伦理环境 伦理两难 民族身份 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]