近50年中国东北地区不同类型和等级降水事件变化特征  

Change Features of Different Types and Grades of Precipitation Event in Northeast China in Recent 50 Years

作　　者：李邦东[1,2] 周旭[2] 赵中军[3] 汪结华[3] 王式功[1] 尚可政[1] 李沛[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学院半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国人民解放军95937部队,辽宁阜新123100 [3]中国人民解放军92493部队,辽宁葫芦岛125000

出　　处：《高原气象》2013年第5期1414-1424,共11页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)专项(GYHY201206004,GYHY201106034,GYHY201006023)

摘　　要：利用1961—2010年东北地区90个气象观测站逐日降水和逐日温度资料,分析了该地区气温变化和不同类型(雨和雪)各等级降水量及降水日数的气候特征、变化趋势和变异场特征。结果表明,近50年来,东北地区气温呈上升趋势,上升速率高于全国其他地区,特别是1987年气温发生突变现象之后升温加剧;年降水量和降水日数均呈减少趋势,降水日数的减少更加显著,其中年降雨量(日数)呈减少趋势,主要是小雨量(日数)的减少所致;年降雪量(日数)则呈增加趋势。年降水量空间分布具有东南多、西北少的特点,年降水日数分布则是东部和北部较多。1987年气温突变后强降水量及各等级降雪量对总降水量贡献率增加,并且年降水量和降水日数波动幅度也明显变大,即变率增大。这可能是导致该区大旱大涝事件增加的主要原因之一,也预示其洪涝灾害的风险在增大。降雨(雪)量的季节变化明显,其中夏、秋季降雨量(日数)呈减少趋势,而春季降雨量(日数)和冬季降雪量(日数)呈增加趋势。Using the daily precipitation data and daily temperature data at 90 weather stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2010, the climate characteristics, trends and variation field characteristics of different grades in precipitation events have been studied. The results show that the trend of annual mean tempera- ture increases in the past 50 years, with higher increasing rate than other areas of China. An abrupt change temperature occurred in 1987, followed by a sharp increase in temperature. Annual precipitation and pre- cipitation days decrease, with the decrease of annual precipitation days being more obvious, which is most- ly due to the decline in light rainfall （days）. Annual rainfall （days） shows the increasing trend, with annu- al snowfall （days） showing a decreasing trend. Annual precipitation decreases from southeast to north- west, and the annual number of precipitation days is larger in the east and north. The proportion of ex- treme heavy precipitation and different grade snowfall increase after temperature has abrupt change. The fluctuations of annual precipitation （days） also become larger after 1987, which may be the main reason of increase of extreme drought and flood events in Northeast China. The seasonal distribution of precipitation also shows significant changes. Rainfall （days） in summer and autumn are reducing, and rainfall （days） in spring and snowfall （days） in winter are increasing, which will be beneficial to maintain the soil moisture in winter and snow in spring.

关 键 词：降水事件 气候特征 东北地区 

分 类 号：P426.613[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]