夏半年西太副高位置与东亚季风雨带(区)的气候联系  

Climatic Linkages between SHWP Position and EASM Rainy-Belts and-Areas in East Part of China in Summer Half Year

作　　者：俞亚勋[1,2] 王式功[2] 钱正安[3,4] 宋敏红[3] 王安宇[5] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省气候中心,江苏南京210008 [2]兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所寒旱区陆面过程及气候变化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃兰州730020 [5]中山大学大气科学学院,广东广州510000

出　　处：《高原气象》2013年第5期1510-1525,共16页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41075053)

摘　　要：为了更好地认识和理解中国东部的夏季风降水气候,利用1951-2005年中国实测日雨量和美国NCEP/NCAR 1982-1994年逐日高度及风场再分析资料,绘制了多站多年逐候平均雨量及西太平洋副热带高压(西太副高)西脊点多年逐候平均位置图,揭示了夏半年西太副高位置与东亚季风降水雨带(区)的气候联系。主要结论如下:(1)西太副高西脊点位置的相对稳定阶段及大幅度东缩西伸突变与季风雨带(区、期)关系密切。平均说,在西太副高北进东缩期,当西脊点相对稳定在菲律宾西北面海域、台湾海峡西北面及日本西南面海域时,将分别带来29-33候的华南前汛期、35-40候的江淮梅雨期及42-49候的北方多雨期;我国西北(西南)区秋雨则是副高南撤期50-52(55-61)候明显西伸并滞留在台湾海峡西北面(粤、桂沿海)的产物;而27-28(47-48)候的西太副高大幅度东缩(西伸)突变则指示夏季风即将爆发(开始南撤)的先兆。(2)揭示了西北区东部的关中汉中区和其余部分的降水气候分别主要受江淮梅雨和北方雨期影响等平均事实和特征。(3)长序列的单站逐候平均雨量图和西太副高西脊点逐候平均位置图不失为东亚夏季风降水气候分析和预测的重要工具。To better know and understand the precipitation climate of East Asian Summer Monsoon （hereafter EASM） in the east parts of China in summer half year, in this paper the climatic linkages be- tween both the position of the Subtropical High over the West Pacific（SHWP） and the EASM rainy-belts and -areas have been explored, utilizing the observed daily precipitation data in China for 1951--2005 and the US NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for 1982 1994, and the secular pentad mean position figure for the West Ridge Point（WRP） of the SHWP and the pentad mean rainfall figures for many stations. Main con- clusions are as follows： （1） There are the closed relationship between the WRP position of the SHWP dur- ing the periods of both its relative stable stages and its east- or west-ward, abrupt and largely, moving ones and the EASM rainy-belts and -areas in east part of China in summer half year. On the average, in the northward advance period of the SHWP, if the WRP stay quiet steadily over off the northwest coast of Philippines, Taiwan Strait and its northwest side, and off the southwest coast of Japan, it will bring about pre-summer rainy period over South China（SC） in Pentads 28--33, the Meiyu one over the Changjiang and Huaihe Valley（CHV） in Pentads 35--40, and northern one in North China（NC）, Northeast China and the northeast part of Northwest China（NWC） in Pentads 42--49, respectively; in the southward retreat period of the SHWP, once the WRP westward quickly extending to north parts of Taiwan Strait, Fujiang and Jangxi Provinces（off the coast of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces）, it will bring about the autumn rain over NWC（SWC） in Pentads 50--52（55--61）, respectively; If the WRP eastward, suddenly and largely, moving out of South China Sea in Pentads 27--28, the pre-summer rainy period in SC will begin with mid- May. （2） Exploring the facts that the precipitation climate for both the Guanzhong-Hauzhong and the rest part in East parts of NWC are, mainly, influenced by the M

关 键 词：西太副高西脊点 逐候平均雨量 华南前汛期 江淮梅雨期 北方多雨期 华西秋雨 

分 类 号：P462.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]