宝鸡不同密度旱作苹果园产量和深层土壤水分动态响应模拟  

Dynamic simulation of apple yield and dynamic response of deep soil moisture under rain-fed apple orchards of different planting densities at Baoji

作　　者：范鹏[1] 李军[2] 张丽娜[1] 曹裕[2] 郭正[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2013年第11期1377-1385,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31071374)资助

摘　　要：为揭示半湿润黄土台塬沟壑区不同密度旱作苹果园产量长周期演变趋势与深层土壤水分变化动态, 应用WinEPIC模型定量模拟分析了1965-2009年期间宝鸡6种种植密度（D1： 2 m×3 m; D2： 2 m×4 m; D3： 2.5 m× 4 m; D4： 3 m×4 m; D5： 4 m×4 m; D6： 4 m×5 m）苹果园果品产量和0~15 m土层土壤水分变化动态, 并据此确定了当地旱作苹果园最佳种植密度和适宜种植年限。结果表明： （1）在1968-2009年42年苹果产果期间, 各密度苹果园果品产量呈现逐渐增高后又强烈波动性降低趋势, 前21年平均产量明显高于后21年。（2）随着种植密度增大, 苹果园果品产量逐渐增加, 当种植密度达到D3（2.5 m×4 m）~D4（3 m×4 m）, 即833~1 000 株·hm-2后, 增产幅度趋缓。（3）随着种植密度增加, 果园0~15 m土层土壤有效含水量逐渐降低, 深层土壤干层形成时间逐渐缩短。（4）从产量、干旱胁迫日数、土壤有效含水量和土壤剖面湿度分布演变趋势和变幅分析, 宝鸡旱作苹果园地最佳种植密度为D3（2.5 m×4 m）或D4（3 m×4 m）, 即833株·hm-2或1 000株·hm-2, 种植年限为30年左右为宜。More apples have been planted in recent years at Baoji, developing into a major apple cultivation area in the Loess Plateau where apple industry was critical for local rural economic development. Baoji is in a semi-humid climate zone where apple orchards are mainly rain-fed without artificial irrigation. Because apples need plenty water for growth, there has been deep soil desiccation in apple orchard fields which has in turn caused severe fluctuations in apple yield. Thus apple production bases in the region have faced a serious threat to sustainable, long-term development. To determine long-term variations in yield and soil water of rain-fed apple orchards of different planting densities in semi-humid climate tableland and gully-land regions of the Loess Plateau, apple yield and the 0 15 m layer soil moisture dynamics in apple orchards of 6 different planting densities at Baoji in 1965-2009 were quantitatively simulated and analyzed using the WinEPIC model. From planting densities of D1 （2 m × 3 m）, D2 （2 m × 4 m）, D3 （2.5 m × 4 m）, D4 （3 m × 4 m）, D5 （4 m × 4 m） and D6 （4 m × 5 m）, and planting years of 1 45 years, the study determined the optimum planting density and cultivation period of rain-fed apple orchards. The results showed that for the 42 years （1968-2009） of apple production, yields of apple orchards of different planting densities initially increased gradually and then declined with severe fluctuations. The average apple yield of the first 21 years was significantly higher than that of the second 21 years in the 42 years of apple production. Apple yield improved with increasing planting density from D1 to D3 and some times D4, which was 833 1 000 plants per hectare. Apple yields of different planting densities changed positively with precipitation trend. With increasing planting density, soil available water capacity in the 0 15 m soil layer in apple orchards decreased, while formation rate of dried deep soil layer increased. Based on the trend and amplitude of var

关 键 词：黄土高原 半湿润区 苹果园 苹果产量 土壤水分 种植密度 WINEPIC模型 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]