女性蹲起动作控制能力的增龄性变化研究  

The Motor Control of Squatting of Women with Age Growth

作　　者：屈莎[1] 罗冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2013年第9期88-92,共5页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAK33B02;2012BAK21B01)

摘　　要：目的:从下肢生物力学特征为出发点,针对其蹲起动作的控制能力进行研究,以期了解女性的蹲起动作控制能力在增龄过程中的变化特点。方法:选取北京市区社区居住各年龄段女性166名。采用Kistler三维测力台和三维摄像系统记录受试者的蹲起动作特征,并用单因素和双因素方差分析各年龄组的运动学和动力学指标差异。结果:除60岁年龄组外,其余各组下肢各关节的最大屈曲角度随年龄增加而逐渐下降。各组下肢各关节平均净关节力矩和贡献度的大小顺序均为髋关节>膝关节>踝关节,其中髋关节平均净关节力矩在50岁年龄组时出现拐点。结论:老年人完成蹲起动作的主要力量来源为髋关节力矩,但髋关节周围肌群力量也最易随年龄增加而衰退。50岁是髋关节力量衰退的转折点。提示50岁是加强老年人动作控制能力和实施预防跌倒工作的关键敏感年龄。Objective： This study intends to discover biomechanical characteristics of motor control of squatting for older women of different ages. Methods： 166 female, healthy community-dwelling older women participants were recruited from the Haidian area in Beijing. Lower-extremity kinematic data were collected using two sony cameras at 50 Hz for their squatting features. Ground reaction forces （GRF） were recorded from force platforms at 1 000 Hz. One-factor ANOVA with repeated measures were conducted to assess the differences in age groups. Results： Except for the 60-year-old group, the maximum flexion angle of lower limb joints is decreased with the increase of age. The order of the joint contribution of the lower extremity joints is ： hip 〉 knee 〉 ankle. The average hip net torque shows turning point in the 50-year-old group. Conclusions ： The hip moment is the major source of strength when older adults squat. However, muscles around the hip are also the most vulnerable recession with age increas- ing. The 50-year-old is a turning point in the recession of the hip joint force. Thus 50-year-old is the critical sen- sitive age for elderly to improve motor control capabilities and the implement the falls prevention work.

关 键 词：女性 快速蹲起动作 动作控制 增龄性 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]