相对湿度和氨气应激对肉仔鸡血氨水平及细胞因子含量的影响  

Effects of Relative Humidity and Ammonia Stress on Plasma Ammonia Level and Cytokine Contents of Broilers

作　　者：魏凤仙[1,2] 胡骁飞[3] 张敏红[2] 李绍钰[1] 徐彬[1] 蔺萍[1] 孙全友[1] 李浩 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,郑州450002 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [3]河南农业科学院,河南省动物免疫学重点实验室,郑州450002 [4]河南省森林航空消防站,郑州450003

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2013年第10期2246-2253,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：动物营养学国家重点实验室开放课题(2004DA125184F1310);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-42);河南省重点科技攻关项目(102102110017)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究禽舍环境不同相对湿度(RH)和氨气(NH3)应激对肉仔鸡血氨水平及细胞因子含量的影响。选择288只21日龄体重接近的肉仔鸡,随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。处理1:30 mg/kg NH3+35%RH;处理2:30 mg/kg NH3+60%RH;处理3:30 mg/kg NH3+85%RH;处理4:70 mg/kg NH3+35%RH;处理5:70 mg/kg NH3+60%RH;处理6:70 mg/kg NH3+85%RH。试验在智能人工气候舱完成,试验期3周。结果表明:1)NH3浓度对血氨水平影响显著(P<0.05),血氨水平随入舱时间的延长而上升。2)RH对入舱3周血清白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)含量影响显著(P<0.05),随入舱时间的延长,血清IL-1β和白细胞介素6(IL-6)含量呈上升的趋势。3)NH3浓度对入舱1、2周血清白细胞介素4(IL-4)含量影响显著(P<0.05),对入舱1、3周血清白细胞介素10(IL-10)含量影响显著(P<0.05)。RH对入舱1周血清IL-10含量影响显著(P<0.05)。由此可见,RH和NH3应激损害了肉仔鸡免疫机能,随着入舱时间的延长,机体获得一定的适应不良环境的能力,对机体的免疫抑制效应具有降低趋势,但70 mg/kg NH3+85%RH对肉仔鸡的免疫抑制不可缓解。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of high temperature and dietary crude protein level on performance,nitrogen metabolism and emission in broilers aged 28 to 42 days.A total of 576 Arbor Acres broilers were chosen in this experiment and an experimental design with 2 factors and 3 levels per factor was used：factor 1 was feeding mode,namely,23 ℃ ad libtum （AL）,23 ℃ pair-fed （PF,the diet was supplied according to the feed intake of broilers at a cyclic high temperature of 28 ℃-32 ℃-28 ℃） and 28/32 ℃ ad libtum （AL,at a cyclic high temperature of 28 ℃-32 ℃-28 ℃） ; factor 2 was dietary crude protein level,namely,21.19%,18.18% and 14.90%,and Met,Lys,Thr and Trp levels in the diets of all groups were the same and could meet the need of broilers by supplementing synthetic essential amino acids.The broilers were randomly divided to 9 groups with 8 replicates per group and 8 broilers per replicate.The results showed as follows：1） at the same dietary crude protein level,the body weight （BW）,average daily gain （ADG） and average daily feed intake （ADFI） of 28/32 ℃ AL group were significantly lower than those of 23 ℃ AL group （P 〈 0.01）,but were not significantly different from those of 23 ℃ PF group （P 〉 0.05）.Compared with 23 ℃ AL group,the nitrogen utilization of 28/32 ℃ AL group was significantly decreased （P 〈0.01）,while nitrogen excretion per feed intake was significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）.2） When dietary crude protein level was reduced from 21.19% to 14.90% and synthetic essential amino acids were supplemented,nitrogen excretion per weight gain and nitrogen excretion per feed intake were significantly decreased （P 〈0.01）,but nitrogen utilization,BW,ADG and ADFI were not significantly changed （P 〉 0.05）.In conclusion,under the daily cycle high temperature condition,performance and nitrogen utilization are significantly decreased,and nitrogen emission is significantly increased.By adding supplemental synthetic

关 键 词：相对湿度 NH3 肉仔鸡 血氨 细胞因子 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]