汉语方言区片划分语音标准的层级和主次  

On the Hierarchy and Weight of Phonological Conditions of Classification of Chinese Dialects

作　　者：侯兴泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学汉语方言研究中心,广东广州510632

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第9期147-154,164,共8页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目<汉语方言分区语音特征的层级和主次研究--以粤桂毗连地区汉语方言区片划分为例>(批准号:12CYY008);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目<粤桂毗连地区汉语方言语音比较研究--以岭南古都封开方言为枢纽>(11YJC740035)

摘　　要：跟传统利用早期历史性条件、晚期历史性条件及现在平面性条件区分大方言、次方言和小方言的做法不同,文章提出利用汉语语音自身层级系统(音节-音位-音值)的特征来进行汉语方言的区片划分:用音节层面的音节类(俗称字类)分合标准作为第一层级方言分区的语音标准;用音位层面的音类分合(不造成音节类分合)标准作为第二层级方言分片的语音标准;用音类或音类分合的具体音值(不造成音类和音节类分合)作为第三层级方言小片的语音标准。在权衡同一个层级语音标准的主次方面,我们贯彻以下几条原则:第一,早期的音节类或音类分合比晚期的音节类或音类分合重要,早期的音值特征比晚期的音值特征重要;第二,音节类或音类的合并比音节类或音类的分化重要;第三,大的音节类或音类分合比小的音节类或音类的分合重要;第四,辖字多的音节类或音类分合比辖字少的音节类或音类分合重要;第五,音节类或音类分合规律明显的比分合规律不明显的重要;第六,典型的音值特点比非典型的音值特点重要。The paper proposes the use of characteristics of Chinese sound itself hierarchical system( syllable-phoneme-phonetic value) for the historical classification of different hierarchical Chinese dialects,with the phonological conditions of syllabic category which is commonly known as the category of Chinese characters as standards of classification of Chinese dialects in the first level,with the phonological condition of phonemic category without causing the change of syllabic category as standards of classification of sub-dialects in the second level,with the actual sound without causing the change of phonemic and syllabic category as standards of classification of small group of dialects in the third level. The following principles are implemented to weight the different phonological conditions in the same hierarchy : First,the early phonological conditions are more important than those latter ones; second,the merging of syllabic or phonemic category is more important than the splitting of syllabic or phonemic category;Third,a large syllabic or phonemic category is more important than a small one; Fourth,the more characters of a syllabic or phonemic category,the more important it is; Fifth,the clear rule of merging or splitting of syllabic or phonemic category is more important than the indistinct rule;Sixth,the typical characteristics of sound value are more important than the atypical characteristics of sound value.

关 键 词：方言分区 语音标准 语音层级 音节类 

分 类 号：H178[语言文字—汉语]