基于黑箱理论研究大型超市人流规律  

Study on the law of staff flowing in a supermarket based on the black box theory

作　　者：张媛媛[1,2,3] 朱国庆[1,2,3] 韩如适[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治教育部重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国矿业大学消防工程研究所,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2013年第10期1076-1078,1088,共4页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省土木工程环境灾变与结构可靠性重点实验室开放基金项目(JSKL2011YB11);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20120095110027)

摘　　要：基于黑箱理论,调查统计了某大型超市工作日以及节假日的客流量,通过对超市在一段时间内出口和入口人流量的调查,统计出了超市人员的分布特征;给出了不同时间段人员滞留量和人员密度的计算方法。统计结果表明:超市内人员滞留量呈现出增长期、稳定期和衰减期3个阶段;成年男士、成年女士、老人和小孩在工作日的分布比例分别为34%、56%、6%和4%,节假日则为36%、50%、4%和10%;超市人员密度建议取值0.27～0.39人/m2;人员在超市内平均滞留时间为38～45min。由此为超市消防安全管理工作以及消防设计提供更为科学合理的参考和依据。Based on the black box theory, the passenger flow on the working days and holidays was surveyed in the large super market in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, the people distribution characteris tics of the supermarket was obtained through a survey of the flow of people in exports and entrances in a period of time. The calculation methods of personal retention and staff density in the different time periods were given in the study. Results showed that the staff retention appeared three stages： the growth stages, stable phase stages and attenuation stages. The proportion of the adult men, adult women,elderly and children were 34%, 56%, 6% and 4% during the working days; 36%, 50%, 4% and 10% respectively in holiday days. The density of the supermarket staff was recommended to be 0.27-0.39 per- son/me and the average residence time was recommended to be 38-45 rain. Thus the study can provide more scientific and reasonable reference and basis for the fire safety management and fire protection design in the supermarket.

关 键 词：黑箱理论 超市 人员分布 人员密度 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU247.2[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]