硫肥对烤烟农艺性状及光合特性的影响  

Effect of sulfur fertilization on agronomic traits and photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：朱英华[1] 周可金[1] 吴社兰[1] 张国[2] 屠乃美[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽皖南烟草责任有限公司,安徽宣城242000 [3]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [4]中国烟草中南农业试验站,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第10期105-111,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家烟草局和湖南省烟草局资助项目(05-02);安徽农业大学农学院科研启动基金项目(2011004)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施硫量对烤烟农艺性状和光合特性的影响，以探明烤烟对硫的光合响应机制。【方法】以烤烟K326为供试材料，采用大田试验，施硫量分别为0，50，100，150和200 kg/hm2，于烤烟移栽后不同时间测定烤烟农艺性状、叶绿素含量和光合参数。【结果】不同硫肥水平对烤烟的株高、茎围影响不大。在植烟土壤有效硫含量为20.07 mg/kg时，不施硫肥使烤烟叶片的最大叶面积和叶绿素含量显著降低，从而导致净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、叶面蒸汽压力亏缺（VPD）显著降低，气孔限制值（Ls）、瞬时水分利用率（WUE）和潜在水分利用率（WUEi）明显升高。但过量施硫（200 kg/hm2）也会使烤烟的最大叶面积、节间距、叶绿素含量、Pn、Tr、Gs、VPD显著降低。在施硫量为50～100 kg/hm2时，烤烟最大叶面积显著增加，叶绿素含量、Pn、Tr、Gs、VPD明显提高，促进了烤烟正常的生长发育和光合作用。【结论】由于植物对养分的吸收受土壤条件、农田气候及作物特性等综合因素的影响，即使植烟土壤有效硫含量在适宜范围的上限，也应该对植烟土壤增施硫肥，但硫肥的用量不宜过高，以50～100 kg/hm2较为适宜。【Objective】The experiment was carried out to study the effect of different sulfur fertilization levels on agronomic traits and photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco.【Method】The field experiment was carried out using K326 as experiment material.The tested sulfur fertilization dosages were 0,50,100,150,and 200 kg/hm2.【Result】The sulfur fertilization levels had no significantly influence on plant height and stem girth.The greatest leaf area and the chlorophyll content of flue-cured tobacco were significantly reduced in the 0 kg/hm2 level while net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatic conductance,and vapor pressure deficit were significantly lowered and the stomatic limited value,water use efficiency and intrinsic water use efficiency were significantly increased.The greatest leaf area,internode,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatic conductance,and vapor pressure deficit significantly increased in the level of 50 kg/hm2 and 100 kg/hm2.Thus,the levels of 50 kg/hm2 and 100 kg/hm2 could promote the growth,development and photosynthesis of flue-cured tobacco. Further increase of sulfur fertilization resulted in decrease of these parameters.【Conclusion】Absorption of nutrition of crop was influenced by soil condition,climate in farmland,and crop characteristics.The sulfur fertilization should be applied in the plant-tobacco soil even if the available sulfur content of soil was close to the upper limit of suitable range.The suitable sulfur fertilization dosages were 50-100 kg/hm2.

关 键 词：烤烟 农艺性状 光合特性 硫肥 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]