β-氨基丁酸结合壳聚糖处理对苹果采后青霉病的防治效果与机理  

Control effects and mechanisms of β-aminobutyric acid and chitosan on postharvest blue mold of red Fuji apple

作　　者：张维[1] 周会玲[1] 袁仲玉[1] 张春云[1] 温晓红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第10期149-156,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费专项资金项目(ZD2012005)

摘　　要：【目的】将1.5%(质量分数,下同)壳聚糖(CTS)与0.75g/Lβ-氨基丁酸(BABA)结合使用防治苹果采后青霉病,探讨二者结合后的防治效果及机理。【方法】以"红富士"苹果为材料,设4个处理:①对照,不做任何处理;②0.75g/L BABA浸泡5min;③1.5%CTS浸泡1min;④0.75g/L BABA浸泡5min后再用1.5%CTS浸泡1min。对处理过的苹果果实接种10μL 1×105 CFU/mL青霉病原菌孢子悬浮液,于(22±1)℃贮藏4d后,统计发病率并测量病斑直径的大小。将4种不同处理的苹果晾干后于(22±1)℃贮藏,比较不同处理对苹果几丁质酶(CHT)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性及总酚、类黄酮含量的影响。采用平板培养法,在10mL PDA、9mL PDA+1mL 0.75g/L BABA、9mL PDA+1mL 1.5%CTS、8mL PDA+1mL 0.75g/L BABA+1mL 1.5%CTS 4种培养基上,于(22±1)℃下对青霉病原菌进行离体培养,测量菌落直径。【结果】(22±1)℃贮藏4d后,BABA及BABA+CTS处理后的果实发病率和病斑直径均极显著低于对照(P<0.01),而单独使用CTS处理后的果实发病率和病斑直径却显著高于对照(P<0.05)。在各个时期,BABA+CTS处理的菌落直径均极显著小于对照(P<0.01),BABA单独处理虽低于对照但与对照差异不显著(P>0.05),CTS处理极显著低于对照(P<0.01),但与BABA+CTS处理差异不显著(P>0.05)。BABA及BABA+CTS处理果实的CHT、GLU、POD、PAL活性及总酚、类黄酮含量高于对照,而CTS处理的这几种酶活性和生化物质含量均低于对照。【结论】0.75g/L BABA+1.5%CTS虽能有效防治苹果采后青霉病病害的发生,但效果较单独使用BABA差,而CTS处理却加重了病害的发生。【Objective】 Effects of 1.5% chitosan （CTS） combined with 0.75 g/L β-aminobutyric acid （BABA） on control of postharvest blue mold of Fuji Apple and the possible mechanisms were investigated in this paper.【Method】 Four treatments,1） CK,2） soaking in 0.75 g/L BABA for 5 min,3） soaking in 1.5% CTS for 1 min,and 4） soaking in 0.75 g/L BABA for 5 min followed by in 1.5% CTS for 1 min were conducted.Fruits were then inoculated with 10 μL 1×105 CFU/mL spore suspension.Disease incidences and lesion diameters were measured after 4 days storage at （22±1） ℃.Fruits were dried before being stored in （22±1） ℃,and activities of CHT,GLU,POD,PAL and total phenol contents,and flavonoids contents were compared.Colony diameters were measured after pathogens were trained in different PDA plates for 4 days：1） 10 mL PDA,2） 9 mL PDA＋1 mL 0.75 g/L BABA,3） 9 mL PDA＋1 mL 1.5% CTS,and 4） 8 mL PDA＋1 mL 0.75 g/L BABA＋1 mL 1.5% CTS.【Result】 The disease incidences and lesion diameters of BABA and BABA combined with CTS were significantly lower than control（P〈0.01）,while that of CTS treatment were significantly higher than control.There was significant difference on colony diameters between BABA combined with CTS and control（P〈0.01） and no significant difference between BABA and control.The colony diameters of CTS were significantly lower than control（P〈0.01）,while there was no significant difference between CTS and BABA combined with CTS.BABA significantly increased the activities of CHT,GLU,POD and PAL and total phenol contents and flavonoids contents,while CTS reduced these enzymes activities and biochemical substances contents.【Conclusion】 0.75 g/L BABA showed a better control effect on blue mold than 1.5% CTS combined with 0.75 g/L BABA,and CTS increased the degree of disease.

关 键 词：苹果 Β-氨基丁酸 壳聚糖 青霉病 

分 类 号：S436.611.16[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]