覆膜开孔条件下新疆地区潜水蒸发及水热关系研究  

Relationship between groundwater evaporation and water-heat with different opening ratios in Xinjiang

作　　者：徐飞[1] 史文娟[1] 邢旭光[1] 王全九[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第10期172-178,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51379173);新疆绿洲灌区节水关键技术和用水安全研究与示范项目(201130103-3);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(S2012JC7610);陕西省教育厅基金项目(11JS076);西安理工大学科技创新计划项目(106211303)

摘　　要：【目的】分析不同覆膜开孔率对潜水蒸发和地温的影响，并揭示水热之间的关系。【方法】2012-07-29-09-13，在新疆库尔勒巴州灌溉试验站，采用潜水蒸发试验，研究覆膜开孔率分别为0.78%，2.40%，4.80%和100%时，潜水蒸发和0~20 cm土层地温的变化，并分析了潜水蒸发与地温的关系。【结果】单位面积累积潜水蒸发量、潜水蒸发系数均随着覆膜开孔率的增加而增大，覆膜开孔率为0.78%，2.40%，4.80%时对应的蒸发抑制率分别为71.27%，70.44%和65.51%。单位面积累积潜水蒸发量与覆膜开孔率和时间之间呈复杂的幂函数关系；一天当中的潜水蒸发主要集中在20：00-0：00和04：00-10：00，而12：00-18：00的潜水蒸发速率接近于0；相同土层深度下地温变幅随覆膜开孔率的增加而增大。覆膜开孔率相同时，地温变幅随着土层深度的增加而逐渐减小，覆膜开孔率越小，土壤表层的温度变幅越小；同时，土壤剖面温度上高下低时，潜水蒸发受到抑制，反之则有利于潜水蒸发。【结论】覆膜能够有效抑制蒸发并减小土壤温度变幅，晚上潜水蒸发大于白天，这与新疆地区土壤剖面温度的变化密切相关。【Objective】This study analyzed the relationship between groundwater evaporation and soil waterheat with different opening rations.【Method】Using groundwater evaporation test,the change of groundwater evaporation and ground temperature at depth of 0-20 cm was investigated,and the relationship between groundwater evaporation and ground temperature when the opening rates were 0.78%,2.40%,4.80% and 100% were analyzed from July 29 to September 13,2012 at the irrigation station of Bazhou,Kuerle,Xinjiang.【Result】Per area cumulative groundwater evaporation and groundwater evaporation coefficient increased as the increase of opening rate.The evaporation inhibition rations were 71.27%,70.44% and 65.51% when the opening rates were 0.78%,2.40%,and 4.80%,respectively.The relationship between per area cumulative groundwater evaporation,opening rates and moments was complex power function.Groundwater evaporation mainly concentrated in 20：00-0：00 and 04：00-10：00,while in 12：00-18：00 groundwater evaporation was closing to 0.Ground temperature increased as the increase of opening rate with same soil depth,while ground temperature gradually decreased as the increase of soil depth with same opening rate.The smaller the opening rate was,the smaller the soil surface temperature amplitude was.Groundwater evaporation was restrained when the soil profile temperature was low,while it was improved when the soil profile temperature was high.【Conclusion】The coating effectively inhibited evaporation and reduced soil temperature amplitude,and night groundwater evaporation capacity was greater than the daytime,which was closely related to the change pattern of the soil temperature.

关 键 词：覆膜开孔率 潜水蒸发 土壤剖面温度 潜水蒸发系数 新疆地区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]