无锡市霾天气特征及影响因子研究  

Study on Haze Characteristics in Wuxi and Its Impact Factors

作　　者：过宇飞 刘端阳 周彬 夏健 吴莹 胡映红 

机构地区：[1]江苏省无锡市气象局,无锡214101

出　　处：《气象》2013年第10期1314-1324,共11页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：江苏省气象局预报员专项(201212和201204);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206011-04);国家自然科学基金项目(41005089);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20130111)共同资助

摘　　要：利用太湖北岸无锡气象局国家基本气象观测站1980—2011年地面气象观测资料及1991—2011年无锡市统计年鉴资料,对无锡市霾天气演变特征、气象要素特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:无锡市的霾日数总体呈上升趋势,近5年来更加明显;霾日数冬季>春季>秋季>夏季;连续10 d及以上霾过程都经历了地面均压场、入海高压后部及地面倒槽3个连续天气过程。出现重度霾的地面天气形势为地面均压场型、冷锋前型、地面低压倒槽型3种类型。连续10 d以上的霾及重度霾,中低空气团的后向轨迹都出现了下沉运动,且气团经过地区为污染物浓度较高区域。工业污染物中的粉尘排放是造成20世纪90年代霾日数增加的最大因素,2004年以后由于工业废气的排放量以及汽车拥有量的逐年增加,霾日数仍然呈上升趋势。The climatic characteristics and causes of hazy weather in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, are analyzed based on surface observations obtained from Wuxi Meteorological Office from 1980 to 2011 and Wuxi Statistic Yearbook data from 1991 to 2011. The results show that the number of haze days in Wuxi is in an increasing trend, especially in the late 5 years. The haze days appear most in winter, followed by spring, autumn and summer in succession. The haze processes that last for 10 consecutive days all go through high pressure, the rear of high pressure moving to the sea and the ground inverted trough. The air masses in middle and low levels are seen sinking in the back trajectories simulation during 10 consecutive days of haze and the extremely haze events, and the areas the air masses pass have higher pollutant concentration. The key factor for haze events in 1990s is the dust emission in industrial pollution, and then since 2004 industrial waste gas and vehicle exhaust increase year by year, causing the haze days to increase as well.

关 键 词：霾 能见度 后向轨迹 污染 汽车尾气 秸秆燃烧 

分 类 号：P468[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]