不同程度盐碱化土壤对两种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Different Saline-alkali Soil on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Kinds of Crops

作　　者：王桂君[1,2] 许振文[2] 蒋秋花[2] 张蕾[2] 武梦娟[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学生命科学学院,吉林长春130024 [2]长春师范大学城市与环境科学学院,吉林长春130032

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2013年第21期8857-8859,8881,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31200419);吉林省教育厅"十一五"科学技术研究项目(2010-146);长春师范学院自科合字政策(2010-035)

摘　　要：[目的]土壤盐碱化会对作物的生长和种子的萌发等产生相应的作用,探究不同盐碱化程度土壤的生物效应可以为盐碱化土壤的有效利用以及作物的合理播种提供理论依据。[方法]将盐碱土和黑土按不同比例进行混合,模拟5种不同程度的盐碱化环境。利用盆栽试验,探究不同程度盐碱胁迫对小麦和高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。[结果]随着盐碱胁迫的增强,小麦和高粱种子的萌发率和萌发活力指数均表现出下降趋势;当土壤盐碱化程度较低时,小麦和高粱的萌发率和萌发活力指数高于对照;而随着盐碱程度的升高,种子萌发受到的抑制作用增强;在小麦和高粱幼苗生长过程中,随着盐碱胁迫的增强,其生物量有明显的下降趋势,而在轻度盐碱化环境中,幼苗的生物量比对照高。[结论]盐碱度对小麦和高粱的发芽率、萌发活力指数、生物量都有显著的影响。小麦和高粱种子能在低盐、低碱的环境下生长,且在一定程度上促进小麦和高粱的生长发育。但是,在中度和重度盐碱化环境下它们的萌发和生长均受到抑制。[ Objective ] Saline-alkali soil can affect the germination and the growth of different crops. The study on the effects of different de- gree of saline-alkali soil on the germination and the growth of crops will give the support for the agriculture and the well use of the saline-alkali soils. [ Method] Selecting wheat and sorghum as the test materials, saline-alkali soil and black soil were mixed by five different proportions. Pot culture method was used to explore different levels of salinity stress on wheat and sorghum seeds germination and seedling growth condi- tions. [Result]With the augmentation of the salinity stress, wheat and sorghum seeds germination rate and germination vigor index showed a downward trend. In lower degree of soil salinity, the germination rate and germination vigor index of wheat and sorghum was higher than those of the control. And with the increase of salinity levels, seed germination was inhibited. With the augmentation of the salinity stress, their bio- mass showed obvious downward trend during the wheat and sorghum seedling growth process. [ Conclusion ] Salinity of wheat and sorghum ger- mination rate, germination potential, germination vigor index and biomass had significant influence. The seeds of wheat and sorghum could germinate and grow better in lower degree of saline alkali, while in the medium and serious saline-alkali soil, the germination and the growth of these two crops were all restrained.

关 键 词：小麦 高粱 盐碱胁迫 种子萌发 幼苗生长 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]