东亚及邻近地区海表潜热和水汽通量与中国大陆夏季降水量距平的遥相关性  

Teleconnection of sea surface latent heat flux and water vapor flux in East-Asia and adjacent area with summer rainfall anomaly over Chinese mainland

作　　者：齐庆华[1] 蔡榕硕[1] 王红光[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所、国家海洋局海洋-大气化学与全球变化重点实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2013年第4期468-479,共12页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(海三科2013003);国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2009CB421404);国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项资助项目(GYHY201006021);国家海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201005019);中国科学院海洋环流与波动重点实验室开放基金资助项目(KLOCAW1305)

摘　　要：基于NCEP/NCAR潜热通量和风场等资料及中国大陆台站的降水量观测数据,利用SVD方法计算了前期（冬季和春季）和同期（夏季）东亚及邻近地区海表潜热通量、上空水汽输送通量分别与中国大陆夏季降水量异常变化的耦合模态,文中分析了第一耦合模态（最佳遥相关型）的时空特征,并对其进行了探讨.结果显示：前期和同期潜热通量与夏季降水量距平最佳遥相关的关键海区存在着差异,前期冬季主要为黑潮流域和孟加拉湾（正相关）及北赤道流区（负相关）,而前期春季和同期主要为印-太暖池等海区,潜热通量异常基本呈正负值区相间的带状分布,并均显著与我国大陆东部夏季降水异常的南北反位相分布相对应,其中,夏季降水异常变化的显著区主要为我国华南地区以及与其降水异常呈反位相变化的华北地区和西南地区东部.前期和同期潜热通量和降水量异常最佳遥相关型具有显著的2 ～7a年际振荡特征和明显的长期变化趋势,并于上世纪70年代初经历了显著气候跃变.水汽输送通量与降水量距平最佳遥相关的关键海区主要为我国南海海域和孟加拉湾以及东海黑潮流域,尤其在前期春季和同期夏季,对应的我国大陆夏季降水异常的显著变化区域主要为长江中下游地区及与其降水异常呈反位相变化的我国华北地区和西南地区的东部.同样其前期和同期最佳遥相关型存在着显著2～8a年际振荡特征和明显长期变化趋势,除前期冬季外,各相关型于上世纪80年代初也经历了显著气候跃变.分析结果表明：东亚及邻近地区海表潜热和上空水汽输送异常时空配置的形成及其持续性和季节演变可能是中国大陆夏季降水量发生异常变化的重要前提.Based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and rainfall observation from 160 stations over Chinese mainland,optimum teleconnection patterns（the first coupled modes） of the pre-seasons（winter and spring） and homochronous （summer） sea surface latent heat flux（LHF） and water vapor flux（WVF） anomalies in East Asia and adjacent area with the summer rainfall anomaly over Chinese mainland were provided by applying SVD method.The spatio-temporal characters of the optimum coupled fields and intrinsic relations in them were investigated.The results showed that,the key sea regions of the LHF variation teleconnected to rainfall anomaly were mostly in the Kuroshio area and the Bay of Bengal（positive correlation） and the zone of the North Equatorial Current （negative correlation） in preceding winter,and in Indian-Pacific warm pool region and other sea areas alternated with band-like fields of positive and negative LHF anomalies in preceding spring and homochronous summer.They were all distinctly associated with a dipole distribution of rainfall anomaly in eastern China,and that significant regions of the rainfall variation were the South China and its anti-phased regions of the North China and the east of Southwest China,especially in spring and summer of the same year.There existed a significant 2 ～ 7 year oscillation and an evident tendency in the variations of optimum coupling modes and all modes experienced a distinct climate shift in early 1970s.As to the WVF,the key sea regions of the WVF associated with the summer rainfall anomalies were mainly in South China Sea,the Bay of Bengal and the area of Kuroshio in East China Sea,mostly corresponding to the summer rainfall variation in spring and summer of the same year with the significant regions of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and the out-of-phase counter-regions of the North China and the east of Southwest China.The optimum coupling modes are striking of 2 to 8 year inter-annual variations.Except for pre-winter,those modes present obv

关 键 词：海洋气象学 海表潜热 水汽输送 通量 夏季降水 奇异值分解(SVD) 

分 类 号：P732[天文地球—海洋科学]