七带石斑鱼仔稚鱼的形态发育和生长特征  

Characteristics of morphological development and growth of Epinephelus septemfasciatus larvae and juvenile

作　　者：区又君[1] 廖光勇[1,2] 李加儿[1] 苏慧[1,2] 陈超[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所、农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2013年第4期549-556,共8页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国家“863”计划资助项目(2006AA10A414)

摘　　要：2009年7～8月对七带石斑鱼（Epinephelus septemfascialtus）人工繁殖和育苗过程的早期发育形态特征和生长特性进行了观察和研究.结果表明,初孵仔鱼全长为1.3606±0.0091 mm,卵黄囊大、呈椭圆形,长径为0.8602±0.015 1 mm,短径为0.581 4±0.016 2 mm,油球为圆球形,直径为0.125 8±0.0065 mm.在盐度为29 ～31,水温为23.0 ～26.5℃的条件下,4d时卵黄囊完全消失,并开始摄食;4～12d仔鱼生长缓慢,主要是器官开始发育的阶段;12 d后生长明显加快,到21 d后快速生长.19d长出背棘第二棘和腹棘,背棘和腹棘的出现与收回是七带石斑鱼早期发育过程中的一个重要特征.回归分析表明,全长、体长、体高、口裂长、眼径、肛前长与日龄均呈显著的多项式函数关系,体重（W）与日龄（t）为指数函数关系W=3×10-5e0.1847t;体重与全长（TL）、体长（BL）间存在着显著的幂函数关系,为W=1 ×10-5 TL3.2136和W=1×10-5BL35345;全长与体长的相关关系中,多项式的符合程度较优,为TL =0.025 4BL2＋1.049 5BL ＋0.0171.体高与全长的比值随日龄的变化呈现一定规律,开始时略有波动,后趋于稳定,表明在仔鱼发育早期体高和全长为非均衡发育,12d后为均衡生长.Morphological development and growth characteristics of artificial-bred Epinephelus septemfascitus were investigated during July and August 2009.The results showed that the total length of newly hatched larvae was 1.360 6 ±0.009 1 mm.The large yolk sac was elliptic,and its major axis was 0.860 2 ±0.015 1 mm,minor axis 0.581 4±0.016 2 mm.The diameter of spherical oil droplet was 0.125 8 ±0.006 5 mm.In conditions of water salinity 29 ～ 31 and temperature 23.0 ～ 26.5 ℃,the yolk sac of the larvae was absorbed completely in 4 d after hatching,and the larvae began to feed.The organ was developing and forming in period of 4 to 12 d after hatching when the larvae grew very slowly.The larvae grew fast obviously from 12 to 21 d after hatching.The second spine of dorsal fin and the first spine of ventral fin appeared in 19 d after hatching.The development and configuration of the second spine of dorsal fin and the first spine of ventral fin was the most remarkable characteristics during early development of the fish.Regression analysis indicated that highly significant polynomial function were correlated between day-age and total length,body length,body height,mouth width,eye diameter and pre-anal length.Correlation of exponential function was fit between body weight and day-age in formula of W =3 × 10-5e0.1847t,and that of power function between body weight and total length and body length showed significant correlations in formulas of W =1 × 10-5 TL3.2136 and W =1 × 10-5 BL3.5345.Fitness was better in terms of polynomial function for the correlationship between total length and body length.A certain trend was observed in terms of the ratio of body height to total length and it undulated slightly at first and stabilized in latter days.It suggested that the development of body height and total length were not uniform in the early life stages until the homogeneous growth after 12 d.

关 键 词：海洋生物学 七带石斑鱼 仔稚鱼 形态发育 生长 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]