美国炼油工业面临的机遇与挑战——2013年AFPM年会综述  

CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S.REFINERIES——A REVIEW OF 2013 AFPM ANNUAL MEETING TECHNICAL SESSIONS

作　　者：靳爱民[1] 张伟清[1] 郭群[2] 钟英竹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油化工科学研究院,北京100083 [2]中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部

出　　处：《石油炼制与化工》2013年第11期1-9,共9页Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals

摘　　要：介绍了2013年AFPM年会概况。根据大会主题报告和分会场报告内容,对目前美国炼油工业面临的机遇与挑战进行了论述。按照FCC技术、加氢、生物燃料、页岩油(气)加工主题对各领域技术进展分别进行了介绍。重点讨论了目前美国页岩油(气)产量急速增长对美国炼油工业以及美国经济所产生的影响。伴随页岩气增长而来的是天然气价格的下降,由此炼油厂制氢原料由石脑油转向天然气,大大降低了制氢成本,使美国的加氢优势显著。激增的页岩油产量与外运能力不足,造成了致密油价格下降,美国中西部炼油厂获益匪浅,提高了美国石油化工行业竞争力,使美国由石油产品进口国成为净出口国。FCC和加氢技术催化剂分子水平研究有很大进步,对指导新型功能催化剂的开发具有指导意义。新型焦化添加剂及重油非加氢脱硫技术为高效加工重油提供了新方法。生物燃料技术开发前景广阔,许多技术有望工业化应用。The increasing shale gas production of North American results in lower hydrogen price than that from naphtha as feed and makes hydroprocessing technology and petrochemical industry has a competitive advantage. The United States becomes a net exporter of petroleum product. The soared shale oil production together with insufficient export ability results in tight oil price declined, making the West and Mid-continent refineries in U.S. benefit a lot. Just under such a background, the 2013 AFPM Annual Meeting was held in U. S. This paper outlines the 2013 AFPM Annual Meeting technical sessions. The meeting discussed the challenge opportunities for U.S. refineries, focusing on the influence of increasing shale oil and shale gas. The progress in oil processing technology in term of FCC, hydro-processing, bio-fuel, as well as shale oil processing were also introduced. The meeting presented the great advances in catalyst R＆D at molecular level for FCC and hydro-technology, having a guiding significance for the development of new functional catalyst. Several technologies have been successfully developed for coking and residues processing, like new coking additives and non-hydrodesulfurization. The meeting indicated that the biofuel technology development prospects, many technologies are expec- ted to industrial application in the future.

关 键 词：页岩油 页岩气 催化裂化 加氢 生物燃料 石油经济 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]