高海拔旱地油菜产量对土壤贮水量和热量的响应  

Response of rape yield to soil water storage and heat in dryland of high-elevation area

作　　者：丁文魁[1,2] 马兴祥 王鹤龄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点试验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾开放试验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省武威农业气象试验站,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2013年第5期106-109,123,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划"全球典型干旱半干旱地区气候变化及其影响"(2012CB955304);科技部行业(气象)专项"西北地区旱作农业对气候变暖的响应特征及其预警和应对技术研究"(GYHY200806021-01);"农田土壤水分利用效率对气候变化的响应及适应技术"(GYHY201106029)

摘　　要：为制定气候变化情景下农作物种植应对措施,采用分期播种法,研究高海拔旱作区春油菜产量对土壤有效贮水量和热量的响应。结果表明,高海拔旱地土壤有效贮水量在油菜生长前期较多,后期较少。出苗期和开花期土壤有效贮水量对油菜产量的影响较小,薹花期和角果发育期土壤贮水对产量影响较大,薹花期、角果发育期油菜产量与土壤贮水量正相关显著,薹花期土壤贮水每增加10 mm,产量增加71.7 kg·hm-2;角果发育期土壤贮水每增加10mm,产量增加30.13 kg·hm-2。热量也是影响油菜产量的重要因素,油菜产量与日平均气温、积温负相关显著,日平均气温每升高1e,产量减少163 kg·hm-2;积温每升高50e·d,产量减少251.15 kg·hm-2,根据不同气候条件和油菜生长特点,从品种、播期、技术与结构等方面提出了种植应对措施。In order to search for countermeasures of crop planting under the background of climatic change ,the re-sponse of yield of spring rape to available soil water storage and heat was studied in dryland of high-elevation area by staging sowing method .The results showed that the soil water storage in dryland of high-elevation area was more in the early growth period than that in the late growth period .The influence of available soil water storage to yield was relatively low in seedling and blossom period ,but it was rather high in bolting ,flowering and pod development period .There were significant positive correlations between rape yield and soil water storage in bolting ,flowering and pod development peri-od .When soil water storage increased by 10mm during bolting and flowering period ,the rape yield could be improved by 71 .7 kg·hm-2 ;when it increased by 10mm during pod development period ,the rape yield could be improved by 30 .13 kg·hm-2 .Heat was also an important factor affecting rape yield .There were significant negative correlations between rape yield and daily mean temperature as well as accumulated temperature .When daily mean temperature rose by 1℃ , the rape yield could be reduced by 163 kg·hm-2 ;when accumulated temperature rose by 50℃·d ,the rape yield could be reduced by 251 .15 kg·hm-2 .Different planting response measures were proposed according to the growth characteris-tics of rape under different climatic conditions .

关 键 词：高海拔旱地 春油菜产量 土壤有效水贮量 气候条件 应对措施 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]