九龙江河口浮游动物的群落结构和时空变动  

Community structure and spatial-temporal variation of zooplankton in Jiulongjiang Estuary of Xiamen,China

作　　者：叶又茵[1] 王雨[1] 林茂[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,厦门361005

出　　处：《生态科学》2013年第4期408-419,共12页Ecological Science

基　　金：我国近海海洋综合调查与评价(908专项)中国海洋生物种类和图谱(908-ZC-Ⅱ-02)

摘　　要：2009年春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(11月)在九龙江河口进行浮游动物采样调查,分析了九龙江河口浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构、丰度和生物量的时空变化。调查共发现浮游动物119种,其中,含桡足类(35种)和水母类(31种)是最主要的类群。主要优势种有火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)、中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausia sinica)、弗洲指突水母(Blackfordia virginica)、短尾类蚤状幼虫(Zoea larvae)和长尾类幼虫(Macrura larva)。其中,春季以火腿许水蚤、弗洲指突水母、中华假磷虾以主;夏季则以短尾类蚤状幼虫和长尾类幼虫为主;秋季则以火腿许水蚤和中华异水蚤(Acaritella sinensis)为主,季节变化明显。浮游动物丰度和生物量春季最高,平均值分别为3 377.8 ind/m3和3 209.4 mg/m3,秋季最低,但空间分布不均,从春季到秋季其密集中心从近海区逐渐转移到邻近河口区。与过去同期的调查资料相比,20年来九龙江河口浮游动物总丰度、优势种的组成和排序发生了显著的变化。本次浮游动物的总丰度平均值(以秋季为例)为历次调查最低,主要优势种也明显不同,推测,浮游动物有朝着小型化发展的趋势。Based on the data collected from three cruises during spring（May）,summer（August） and autumn（November） of 2009,the species composition,community structure,abundance and biomass of zooplankton in the Jiulongjiang Estuary were analyzed. The results showed that in total 119 species were identified. The zooplankton community was mainly composed of copepods（35 species） and jellyfish（31 species）. The dominant species mainly included Schmackeria poplesia,Pseudeuphausia sinica,Blackfordia virginica,Zoea larvae and Macrura larva,of which S. poplesia,P. sinica and B. virginica were predominant in spring,Z. larvae and M. larva in summer,and S. poplesia and A. sinensis in autumn. Both the abundance and biomass showed significant seasonal fluctuation,with the highest in spring and the lowest in autumn. However,their spatial distributions were uneven and the dense center shifted from offshore to estuary area. Compared with historic data,a significant change was found in the abundance,and composition of dominant species in Jiulongjiang Estuary in the past 20 years. Our results showed that the average abundance in this survey was the lowest and the main dominant species were also significantly different from other years.

关 键 词：浮游动物 季节变化 空间分布 群落结构 九龙江河口 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]