四种水库消落带植物对水淹环境的适应性研究  

Adaptability traits of four plants in the water-level-fluctuation-zone of reservoir to submergence

作　　者：刘送平[1,2] 李秋华[2] 支崇远[1] 李小峰[3] 陈峰峰[2] 蒋瑶[2] 焦树林[4] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵阳550001 [2]贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统和生态环境保护重点实验室,贵阳550001 [3]贵州师范大学化学与材料学院,贵阳550001 [4]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550001

出　　处：《生态科学》2013年第4期462-468,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：贵阳市重大科技专项([2010]5-03)

摘　　要：研究了百花湖消落带四种优势植物双穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、牛鞭草(Hemarthria altissima)和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)在模拟水淹环境下的生长指标和叶绿素含量,以期了解其对水淹环境的适应特征。结果表明:1)水淹条件下,双穗雀稗、空心莲子草和牛鞭草生长加剧,狗牙根生长缓慢,四种植物损失了不适应全淹环境的分枝和叶片。2)双穗雀稗、牛鞭草和狗牙根表现为茎的生长,空心莲子草表现为茎和分枝的生长。植株顶端冒出水面后,双穗雀稗、空心莲子草和牛鞭草叶的生长加剧。3)四种植物的叶绿素a、b的含量降低,叶绿素b降低比叶绿素a更显著,叶绿素a/b值显著升高。植株顶端冒出水面后,双穗雀稗、空心莲子草和牛鞭草叶绿素a、b含量显著升高,叶绿素a/b值显著降低。4)经过不断地适应和进化后,四种植物能更好地适应水淹环境。A submergence simulation experiment was conducted using four particular plants including Paspalum distichum,Alternanthera philoxeroides,Hemarthria altissima and Cynodon dactylon collected from the water-level-fluctuation-zone of Baihua Reservoir from July to October in 2011. To understand their adaptability traits,growth and chlorophyll contents were investigated under controlled condition. The results are as follows. Firstly,P. distichum,A. philoxeroides and H. altissima had significantly higher growth rate,whereas C. dactylon had significantly lower growth rate in submergence condition. Meanwhile,the shoots and leaves of four species which were not adapted to the submergence condition were reduced. Secondly,the growth strategies of P. distichum,H. altissima and C.dactylon were primarily the developments of caudex,while those of A. philoxeroides were primarily growth of caudex and shoot. When the top of plant protruded water,submergence significantly enhanced the leaves growth rates of P. distichum,A. philoxeroides and H.altissima. Thirdly,complete submergence condition significantly reduced contents of both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of the four species,but the reduction was more prominent in chlorophyll b than in chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio increased significantly in four species. When the top of plant protruded water,the contents of both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of P. distichum,A. philoxeroides and H. altissima increased,but chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio of them reduced significantly. At last,we concluded that the four species were adaptable to submergence or complete submergence.

关 键 词：消落带 植物 水淹 适应 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]