沟垄集雨种植对燕麦根系分布特征的影响  

Effects of rainfall harvesting in ridges and furrows on root distribution patterns of oat in semi-arid area of Gansu,Northwest China

作　　者：李富春[1] 任祥[1] 王琦[1] 张恩和[2] 霍海丽[1] 王鹤龄[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [3]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省气候变化与减灾重点(开放)实验室,兰州730020

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第11期2966-2972,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41161090)资助

摘　　要：为了了解沟垄集雨种植条件下燕麦的根系分布特征，在甘肃省定西半干旱黄土丘陵区利用农田定位试验，试验采用完全随机设计，研究不同覆盖材料（地膜和土壤结皮）和不同沟垄比（60：30、60：45和60：60cm）对燕麦根干重、根长、根表面积和根体积的影响。结果表明：燕麦根系生理特征值（根干重、根长、根表面积和根体积）随土壤深度增加而减少。沟垄集雨种植中，0～10cm、10～20cm和20—30cm的燕麦根干重占0～30cm燕麦总根干重的比例分别为61％～66％、22％～25％和11％～14％。土垄30CITI（垄宽）、土垄45cm、土垄60cm、膜垄30cm、膜垄45cm和膜垄60cm的沟边燕麦根干重与沟中燕麦根干重的比例分别为1．2、1．5、2．0、1．1、1．3和1．3。沟边燕麦根系特征值明显大于沟中，说明沟垄集雨种植沟边植株对产量的贡献率高于沟中植株。就大多数情况而言，燕麦根系特征值随集雨垄宽增加而增加，其特征值平作〉膜垄〉土垄。当沟宽比垄宽为60：37cm时，土垄的根干重达到最小值；当沟宽比垄宽为60：27cm时，膜垄的根干重达到最小值。In order to understand the root distribution patterns of oat under rainfall harvesting in ridges and furrows, a field experiment with completely randomized design was conducted in the Dingxi semiarid loess hilly region of Gansu, Northwest China to study the effects of different mulching materials （ plastic film and soil crust） and different ratios of furrow to ridge （60 ： 30, 60 ： 45, and 60 ： 60 cm） on the root physiological characteristic parameters （dry weight, length, surface area, and volume） of oat. It was observed that the test root physiological charac teristic parameters decreased with increasing soil depth. Under rainfall harvesting in ridges and furrows, the percentage of root dry weight in 010 em, 1020 cm, and 2030 cm soil layers to the total root dry weight in 030 cm soil layer was 61% 66% , 22% 25% , and 11% 14% , respectively. The ratio of root dry weight in the sides of furrows to that in the middle part of fur rows in treatments SR30 （30 cm width ridges compacted with soil） , SR45 （45 cm width ridges com pacted with soil）, SR60（60 cm width ridges compacted with soil）, MR30（30 cm width ridges covered with plastic film）, MR45 （45 cm width ridges covered with plastic film）, and MR60 （60 cm width ridges covered with plastic film） was 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 1.1, 1.3, and 1.3, respective ly. The test root physiological characteristic parameters were obviously higher in the sides of fur rows than that in the middle part of furrows, indicating that the plants growing in the sides of furrows were likely to produce more grains. In most cases, the root physiological characteristic pa rameters increased with the increasing waterharvested ridge width, and were in the order of tra ditional planting 〉 ridges covered with plastic film planting 〉 ridges compacted with soil planting. When the ratio of furrow to ridge was 60 ： 37 cm, the root dry weight in the ridges compacted with soil planting was the minimum; and when the ratio of furrow to ridge was 60 ： 27 cm, the root

关 键 词：燕麦 覆盖材料 沟垄比 根系分布 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]