黄河三角洲南部潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性  

Community structure and diversity of macrobenthos in southern intertidal zone of Yellow River Delta,China

作　　者：冷宇[1,2] 刘一霆[1,2] 刘霜[1,2] 张洪亮[1,2] 张爱君[1,2] 刘旭东[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室,山东青岛266033 [2]国家海洋局北海环境监测中心,山东青岛266033

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第11期3054-3062,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项(201105005);北海分局科技项目(2013B04);北海区海洋环境质量评价方法(DOMEP(MEA)-01-01)资助

摘　　要：于2004—2010年5和8月对黄河口三角洲南部小岛河口潮间带的大型底栖动物进行调查,共采集到潮间带生物89种,以多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物为主,分别占总种数的34.8%、29.2%和27.0%;高潮带优势种主要为天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)、日本大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus japonicas),中、低潮带的主要优势种主要为光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)、泥螺(Bullacta exarata)、托氏虫昌螺(Umbonium thomasi)和四角蛤蜊(Mactra veseriformis)。Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数历年来平均值分别为1.46、1.15和0.66,其中Shannon多样性指数及Pielou均匀度指数近年来有所上升。物种分布存在明显的分潮带现象,而年际间并无显著变化,这也与聚类分析的结果相吻合。分析发现,自2005年建设堤坝之后,由于高潮带生境条件发生了变化,高潮带生物资源量明显升高。与历史资料相比,调查区域内优势种类变化不大,但多毛类占据了更大的比重,这也与调查区域内人为干扰、部分生态环境变化等有关。In May and August, 20042010, an investigation was conducted on the macrobenthos diversity in the southern intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta. A total of 89 macrobenthos species were collected, most of which were polychaetes, crustacean, and mollusks, accounting for 34.8% , 29.2% and 27.0% of the total, respectively. Helice tientsinensis and Macrophthal mus japonicas were the dominant species in high tidal zone, while Potamocorbula laevis, Bullacta exarata, Urnbonium thomasi, and Mactra veseriformis were dominated in mid and low tidal zones. The average Shannon index, Margalef index, and Pielou evenness index were 1.46, 1.15, and 0.66, respectively, and the Shannon index and Pielou index showed an upward trend. The spe cies distribution had an obvious difference in different tidal zones, but less difference among years, which was also shown by cluster analysis. Due to the changes of habitat conditions since 2005 when the dams were established, the bioresources in the high tide zone increased obvious ly. As compared with historical data, the composition of dominant species in the study area in 20042010 was relatively stable, but the polychaetes occupied larger proportion, which was re lated to the human activities and the ecoenvironment change.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 黄河口 群落特征 潮间带 空间分布 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]