地震现场建筑物非结构构件的安全鉴定与应急对策探讨  

Exploration of safety assessment and emergency measures of non-structural components of buildings in post-earthquake field

作　　者：张昊宇[1] 孙柏涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局工程力学研究所中国地震局地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2013年第5期31-35,共5页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项(2011C03);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51108433);黑龙江省博士后资助项目(LBH-Z11001)

摘　　要：建筑物非结构构件的震损是造成地震人员伤亡和财产损失的原因之一,非结构构件的安全鉴定和应急处理是地震现场安全鉴定工作的重要内容。对非结构构件的安全鉴定工作进行了探讨:对于建筑非结构构件,常见震损包括构件破坏及连接破坏,安全鉴定的检查重点包括非结构构件本身的震损、连接的破坏及其对相邻结构构件的影响,以及非结构构件对安全使用的影响。应急对策可依据具体情况采取应急拆除、危险区域隔离等措施。对于附属机电设备,常见震损包括管道破裂,塔架,线路及设备倾倒,电梯失灵等;应急对策包括关闭设备,封锁危险区域,设置警示标识及疏散居民等。Seismic damage of non-structure components of buildings is one of the causes that inducing casualties and property loss during earthquakes. Safety assessment and emergency measures for non-structure components are important contents of post-earthquake field safety assessment. This paper discussed the safety assessment of the non-structure components. For buildings’ non-structure components, frequently appeared damages are member damage and connection failure. Safety inspection mainly includes the non-structure components, connection between non-structure members and structure members, the influence of the damaged non-structure components to the structure members adjacent to them, and the security threats of the damaged non-structure components to the residents. Emergency measures include emergency demolition of damaged members, unsafe area barricading, etc. For the subsidiary electromechanical equipments, common earthquake damage includes rupture of pipelines, toppling of the towers, line and the devices, dysfunctions of the elevators, etc. Emergency measures include turning off the equipments, barricading the unsafe area,setting up warning signs and evacuating the residents.

关 键 词：非结构构件 附属机电设备 安全鉴定 应急对策 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]