仿刺参养殖池塘中浮游和底栖藻类群落的变化  

Variation in Phytoplankton and Benthic Alga Communities in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Culture Ponds

作　　者：刘冉[1] 迟爽[1] 程敬伟 曾勇[1] 赵振军[1] 马家好 崔龙波[1] 

机构地区：[1]烟台大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264005 [2]广州利洋水产科技有限公司,广东广州518518

出　　处：《水产科学》2013年第10期579-584,共6页Fisheries Science

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划(2010GSF10214)

摘　　要：2011年10月至2012年9月对山东省莱州市仿刺参养殖区的6口面积为5000～6000 m2，水深1．8～2．0 m的养殖池塘中的浮游和底栖藻类进行了调查，分析其群落的组成、密度、生物量、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数和McNaugton优势度指数。研究结果表明，仿刺参池塘中共鉴定出浮游藻类7门40种，主要由硅藻组成；底栖藻类18种，均属硅藻门。浮游藻类密度为7．810×105～249．662×105个/L ，生物量为1．65～12．07 m g/L ，多样性指数为2．09～2．93，均匀度为0．56～0．78，丰富度为1．74～2．42。浮游藻类优势种的种类较多，优势种随时间而变化。底栖藻类密度为4．124×105～14．289×105个/cm2，生物量为2．60～11．27 mg/cm2，多样性指数为1．67～2．73，均匀度为0．48～0．73，丰富度为1．41～1．83。底栖藻类优势种种类较少，一年中优势种几乎不变。浮游藻类与底栖藻类的密度变化呈极显著正相关。综合分析认为，莱州仿刺参养殖池塘中浮游与底栖藻类多样性较好，池塘生态环境良好。Composition ,density ,biomass ,Shannon-Weiner index ,Pielou’s evenness index ,Margalef’s richness index and McNaugton dominance index of the phytoplankton and benthic alga communities were determined in six 5000 ~ 6000 m2 ponds with depth of 1 .8 ~ 2 .0 m for sea cucumber A postichopus j aponicus culture in coastal Laizihou ,Shandong Province from October ,2011 to September ,2012 .A total of 40 species in 7 phyla of phytoplankon were found ,with the predominant Bacillariophyta ,and 18 benthic alga species in Bacillariophyta .The density was ranged from 7 .810 × 105 to 249 .662 × 105 cell/L ,with biomass of 1 .65~12 .07 mg/L in the phytoplankon and from 4 .124 × 105 to 14 .289 × 105 cell/cm2 ,with biomass of 2 .60~11 .27 mg/cm2 ,in the benthic algae in the ponds .There were Shannon-Weiner index of 2 .09~2 .93 in the phytoplankon and 1 .67~2 .73 in the benthic algae ,and Pielou’s evenness index of 0 .56~0 .78 in the phytoplankon and 0 .48~0 .73 in the benthic algae .The phytoplankon showed Margalef’s richness index from 1 .74 to 2 .42 and the benthic algae from 1 .41 to 1 .83 .The predominant phytoplankton species were found to be changed with time ,but almost no changes were observed in the predominant benthic algae in the year . There were very significant positive correlation between the density of phytoplankton and that of benthic algae in the ponds ,indicating that the species diversity in phytoplankton and benthic algae community is rich and the ecological environment is good in the culture ponds .

关 键 词：仿刺参池塘 浮游藻类 底栖藻类 

分 类 号：S932.7[农业科学—渔业资源]