聚合物纳米复合材料的类型、结构与应用  

Types, Structure andApplication of Polymer Nanocomposites

作　　者：申圣敏 米然[2] 江盛玲[2] 员荣平[3] 吕亚非[2] 

机构地区：[1]咸兴化学工业大学高分子工程系 [2]北京化工大学碳纤维与功能高分子教育部重点实验室,北京100029 [3]北京化工大学高新技术研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《当代化工》2013年第10期1441-1444,共4页Contemporary Chemical Industry

摘　　要：聚合物纳米复合材料是分散相尺寸100 nm的无机、金属、金属氧化物、C60、碳纳米管、石墨烯等填料均匀分散到连续相聚合物基体中,可分类为填充型、层状硅酸盐型和有机-无机杂化型。聚合物纳米复合材料的应用将向2个方向发展,一是利用碳纳米管、石墨烯、半导体等成本较高的纳米粒子制备的聚合物纳米复合材料,主要应用在高新技术领域;二是利用粘土、二氧化硅等成本较低的纳米粒子制备的聚合物纳米复合材料,主要应用在取代传统填充型聚合物复合材料,提高附加值。本文综述这三类聚合物纳米复合材料的制备、结构、应用和研究进展。Polymer nanocomposites are generally defined as the combination of polymer matrix and nano-fillers （particulates, platelets, whiskers or fibers）, in which one or more constituents have at least one dimension in the nanometer-size scale （？100 nm）. Polymer nanocomposites can be divided into three major types, including filled-type, layered silicates and organic-inorganic hybrids. The development tendency of polymer nanocomposites will mainly focus on two aspects： polymer nanocomposites for high-tech application can be prepared by adding high-cost nano-particles （carbon nanotubes, graphene, semiconductor, etc.）, and polymer nanocomposites that is used to replace traditional filled polymer composites can be prepared with low-cost nano-clay or nano-silica. In this paper, preparation, morphology, application and research progress of polymer nanocomposites were introduced.

关 键 词：聚合物纳米复合材料 纳米填料 粘土 有机-无机杂化材料 

分 类 号：TQ322[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]