玉米高产品种穗粒重分布特点及其与产量关系的研究  

Study on Ear Grain Weight Distribution Characteristics of High-yield Maize Varieties and the Relationship with Yield

作　　者：张勤[1] 李青松[1] 马中义[1] 张扬[1] 王奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]承德市农业科学研究所,河北承德067000

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2013年第5期12-15,43,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：以10个产量14250 kg/hm2以上的高产组合为研究对象，将穗粒重分为5个级别，分析其在群体中的分布状态，以及不同穗粒重级别果穗的穗粒数和百粒重的变异及其对玉米产量的影响。结果表明：单穗粒重在群体中从低到高连续分布。单穗粒重150 g以下、151～200 g、201～250 g、251～300 g、301～350 g级别的穗数占群体穗数的比例分别为0.66％、8.31％、40.86％、42.19％和7.97％，其中201～300 g 穗粒重级别的穗数比例为83.05％，是影响产量的关键因素；201～250 g穗粒重级别的穗数与产量呈显著负相关，单穗粒数与产量、穗百粒重与产量无明显的相关性；251～300 g穗粒重级别的穗数与产量呈极显著正相关，其穗粒数和穗百粒重与产量无明显的相关性，总粒数与产量呈极显著正相关；不同级别穗粒重对产量高低的影响，是通过其级别在群体中的比例大小来表达。201～250 g穗粒重构成高产的起始单株生产力，251～300 g穗粒重构成高产潜力。201～300 g穗粒重的穗数在群体中的比例大小，可作为新组合高产的选择依据。Based on the data of 10 high-yield maize combinations, which production were above 14 250 kg/hm 2, ear grain weight was divided into 5 levels, the distribution of different ear grain weight in groups, the variations of the ear grain number and 100-grain weight of different ear grain weight levels, and the effects on yield were studied.The results showed that the distribution of ear grain weight in groups was continuous from low to high .The proportion of the ear number of ear grain weight below 150 g, 151-200 g, 201-250 g, 251-300 g and 301-350 g accounted of the population respectively were 0.66%, 8.31%, 40.86%, 42.19% and 7.97%.201 -300 g ear grain weight was the critical factor affecting the yield.There was a significant negative correlation between the ear number of 201-250 g ear grain weight and yield, but there were no correlations between ear grain number and yield, 100-grain weight and yield.There was a significant positive correlation between ear number of 251 -300 gear grain weight and yield, while there were no correlations between ear grain number and yield , 100g-rain weight and yield, but the total number of grains was significantly positively correlated with yield .The effects of differentlevels of ear grain weight on yield was expressed by its proportion in the population .201-250 g ear grain weight constituted the individual productivity of high yield, 201-250 g ear grain weight composed the high yield potential.The proportion of the ear number of 201-300 g ear grain weight in the population could be used as the selection criteria of high yield of new combinations.

关 键 词：玉米 高产品种 群体 穂粒重 分布特点 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]