三门峡市降水气温变化对苹果业的影响及对策  

Influences of Rainfall and Temperature Changes on Apple Industry in Sanmenxia City and Countermeasures

作　　者：吉志红[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,河南郑州450003 [2]河南省三门峡市气象局,河南三门峡472000

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2013年第11期111-114,共4页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室项目"三门峡苹果气象灾害监测预警预报方法研究"(AMF201205)

摘　　要：利用1960—2010年三门峡市月降水和月气温观测资料，运用Mann—Kendall趋势检验方法和极端气候异常的定义，对降水气温变化特征进行了分析，结果表明：年降水量变化呈减少趋势，年平均气温变化有上升发展的趋势；春季和冬季降水量减少趋势最大，春季气温变化显著；月平均降水量变化差异较大。对苹果业的影响表现在：降水减少造成干旱频繁发生，气候变暖使得果树物候期提前，春季增加了苹果冻害的几率。针对降水、气温等不利影响，提出苹果业生产的对策建议。According to the observation data of monthly air temperature and monthly rainfall in Sanmenxia city during 1960 - 2010, using the Mann - Kendall trend test method and the definition of extreme climate anomalies, we analyzed the features of rain- fall and air temperature changes. The results showed that the average annual rainfall in Sanmenxia city during 1960 -2010 tended to decrease, while the average annual air temperature revealed a rising trend. The spring and winter rainfall existed the greatest decrea- sing trend; the spring air temperature had obvious changes. There were great differences in average monthly rainfall change. The changes of rainfall and air temperature had certain influences on the apple industry in Sanmenxia city. For example, the decline of rainfall caused the frequent occurrence of drought; the climate warming led to the advance of phenological period.of fruit tree, thus increased the probability of apple freezing injury in spring. Aiming at these adverse influences of rainfall and air temperature, the author put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for apple production.

关 键 词：降水 气温 Mann—Kendall检测法 苹果产业 对策 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]