虎掌(天南星科)中草酸钙晶体的形态和分布  

Morphology and Distribution of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Pinellia pedatisecta Schott(Araceae)

作　　者：刘孟奇[1] 王小巧[1] 罗晓铮[1] 魏昆龙[1] 孙辉辉[1] 董诚明[1] 陈随清[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南中医学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2013年第10期1994-2002,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：十二五国家科技支撑计划(2011BAI06B02);河南省教育厅重点项目(13A360561);河南中医学院博士启动基金(BSJJ-2009-32)

摘　　要：在光学显微镜下对虎掌(Pinellia pedatisecta)营养器官和繁殖器官中晶体的类型和分布进行了观察和分析,探讨晶体的功能与作用机制。结果表明:(1)虎掌各个器官中都发现有晶体,且晶体类型有针晶、簇晶、砂晶和柱晶4种形态,其中针晶最为常见。(2)虎掌叶中的晶体大多以针晶状分布在叶片上表皮下的叶肉中,少数分布在叶下表皮下的叶肉中,其次砂晶和星芒状簇晶也在叶中较常见,叶中也有少量的柱晶。(3)虎掌的块茎中分布有大量的针晶束,在输导组织附近还有一些大的簇晶;虎掌的不定根中分布有不整齐的针晶和排列不规则的针晶束以及少量大的簇晶。(4)虎掌的佛焰苞中分布有针晶、簇晶和砂晶,且在佛焰苞中的针晶主要分布于上、下表皮之下的叶肉中,砂晶多分布在佛焰苞的上、下表皮上。(5)虎掌的花药壁中分布有针晶束,其方向和花药壁表面垂直,而花粉囊中只有小的簇晶。(6)虎掌的果皮和种皮上分布有大量的针晶。根据晶体在酸中的溶解性,虎掌体内所有晶体的化学成分都为草酸钙。研究认为,虎掌各个器官中的各种草酸钙晶体对于保护虎掌免受食草动物取食具有重要的作用。Crystals in vegetative and reproductive organs of Pinellia pedatisecta （Araceae） were systematically examined and their morphology and distribution were determined with light microscopy.（1）Crystals were found in every organ.Raphides were most common,but druses,crystal sand and styloids were also found.（2）Leaf contained a variety of crystal,including raphides,druses,crystal sand and styloids.Raphides were distributed primarily within the upper mesophyll,with only occasional raphides coming into focus lower in the leaf.Crystal sand and stellate druses were also common crystal type in leaves,and occasionally styloids were seen.（3）Bulbs had many raphides bundles,giant druses near their conducting tissue.Adventitious roots had highly irregular raphide bundles and rare giant druses.（4）Spathes contained raphides,druses and crystal sand.Raphides were distributed primarily within the upper and the lower mesophyll,while crystal sand was distributed primarily on the upper and the lower epidermis.（5）Raphide bundles were found in anther wall,aligned perpendicular to the surface.The pollen sacs contained only small druses.（6）Raphides were found in pericarp and seed capsule.Based on acid solubility,all crystals appeared to be composed of calcium oxalate.In light of these findings,we conclude that calcium oxalate crystals of all types play an important role in protecting the plants against herbivory.

关 键 词：天南星科 虎掌 草酸钙 晶体 针晶 簇晶 异细胞 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学]