中国光伏产业面临的困境与出路探析  

Some Thoughts about the Way out for China′s Photovoltaic Industry in a Predicament

作　　者：李雷[1] 王通胜[1] 魏志勇[1] 杨春[2] 

机构地区：[1]连云港出入境检验检疫局,江苏连云港222042 [2]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《中外能源》2013年第10期27-33,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：在有利的国际产业环境下,中国光伏产业在本世纪初进入黄金发展期。2012年,我国光伏制造业规模已占到全球总量的近55%,稳居世界第一位;多晶硅产能位居世界前列;硅片产量达到28GW,同比增长14.3%;光伏电池年产量(大陆地区)达20.5GW,稳居世界榜首;新增光伏年装机容量(大陆地区)达到4.5GW,约占当年全球光伏新增装机容量的14.42%,排名全球第二位。但与此同时,产业的发展也面临若干严重问题的困扰。由于"两头在外"的发展模式,"双反"危机的出现不可避免,2009年以来,我国光伏产业先后经历了欧盟、美国、印度的对华光伏"双反"调查;产能过剩问题突出,产品、市场同质化严重;另外还有"融资难"等问题,这些都严重影响到产业的后续发展。当前,应在如何积极应对贸易争端,构建"贸易争端解决机制平台";严格行业准入和退出机制,优化产业结构;积极拓展国内市场和国际新兴市场;疏浚光伏行业融资渠道,缓解"资金难"问题;逐步完善产业政策体系等方面做出积极努力,从而在根本上增强我国光伏产业发展的后续动力,走出时下的发展困境。China＇s photovoltaic industry entered a golden period of growth early this century in a favorable international industry environment.In 2012,China＇s photovoltaic industry already accounted for nearly 55% of the world＇s photovoltaic production capacity,polycrystalline silicon production capacity was among the largest worldwide,silicon wafer produciton reached 28GW,up 14.3% from the previous year,PV cell production （of China's Mainland） reached 20.5GW,the highest worldwide,and annually added PV generating capacity （of China's Mainland） reached 4.5GW,accounting for about 14.42% of the generating capacity added worldwide that year and the second largest worldwide.At the same time,the domestic PV industry has faced some major challenges.Due to the unique development mode of the PV industry,in which both ends of the production process ,i.e. ,the supply of raw materials and the marketing of finished products ,are located outside of China, AD and CVD crises are inevitable.Since 2009,China＇s photovohaic industry has experienced AD and CVD probes by the European Union,the United States and India.The PV industry is also facing a serious capacity glut and serious homogenization of both products and markets.Difficulty in financing is another major chal- lenge faced by PV businesses.These issues have placed restraints on the further growth of the PV industry. The domestic PV industry should actively respond to trade conflicts by establishing a trade dispute settlement platform ,put in place a stricter industry access and exit mechanism ,optimize industry structure ,aggresively ex- plore the domestic market and emerging international markets,improve the financing channel for PV enterpris- es to alleviate their difficulty in financing and gradually perfect industry policy systems,therefore sustaining the growth momentum of the domestic PV industry and lifting the industry out of the current plight.

关 键 词：光伏产业 贸易争端 产能过剩 融资难 准入机制 国内市场 产业政策 

分 类 号：F426.6[经济管理—产业经济]