Mass extinction and Pangea integration during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition  

作　　者：YIN HongFu SONG HaiJun 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences

出　　处：《Science China Earth Sciences》2013年第11期1791-1803,共13页中国科学（地球科学英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB808800);the 111 Project(Grant No.B08030);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40621002,40830212&40921062);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CUG130407)

摘　　要：The greatest Phanerozoic mass extinction happened at the end-Permian to earliest Triassic. About 95% species, 82% genera, and more than half families became extinct, constituting the sole macro-mass extinction in geological history. This event not only caused the great extinction but also destroyed the 200 Myr-long Paleozoic marine ecosystem, prompted its transition to Mesozoic ecosystem, and induced coal gap on land as well as reef gap and chert gap in ocean. The biotic crisis during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition was a long process of co-evolution between geospheres and biosphere. The event sequence at the Permian-Triassic boundary （PTB） reveals two-episodic pattern of rapidly deteriorating global changes and biotic mass ex- tinction and the intimate relationship between them. The severe global changes coupling multiple geospheres may have affect- ed the Pangea integration on the Earth＇s surface spheres, which include： the Pangea integration→enhanced mountain height and basin depth, changes of wind and ocean current systems; enhanced ocean basin depth→the greatest Phanerozoic regression at PTB, disappearance of epeiric seas and subsequent rapid transgression; the Pangea integration→thermal isolation effect of continental lithosphere and decrease of mid-ocean ridges→development of continental volcanism; two-episode volcanism causing LIPs of the Emeishan Basalt and the Siberian Trap （25%251 Ma）→global warming and mass extinction; continental aridification and replacement of monsoon system by latitudinal wind system→destruction of vegetation; enhanced weathering and CH4 emission→negative excursion of δ^13C; mantle plume→crust doming→regression; possible relation between the Illawarra magnetic reversal and the PTB extinction, and so on. Mantle plume produced the Late Permian LIPs and mantle convection may have caused the process of the Pangea integration. Subduction, delamination, and accumulation of the earth＇s cool lithospheric material at the ＂D＂ layer of CMB started mantlThe greatest Phanerozoic mass extinction happened at the end-Permian to earliest Triassic.About 95%species,82%genera,and more than half families became extinct,constituting the sole macro-mass extinction in geological history.This event not only caused the great extinction but also destroyed the 200 Myr-long Paleozoic marine ecosystem,prompted its transition to Mesozoic ecosystem,and induced coal gap on land as well as reef gap and chert gap in ocean.The biotic crisis during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition was a long process of co-evolution between geospheres and biosphere.The event sequence at the Permian-Triassic boundary(PTB)reveals two-episodic pattern of rapidly deteriorating global changes and biotic mass extinction and the intimate relationship between them.The severe global changes coupling multiple geospheres may have affected the Pangea integration on the Earth’s surface spheres,which include:the Pangea integration→enhanced mountain height and basin depth,changes of wind and ocean current systems;enhanced ocean basin depth→the greatest Phanerozoic regression at PTB,disappearance of epeiric seas and subsequent rapid transgression;the Pangea integration→thermal isolation effect of continental lithosphere and decrease of mid-ocean ridges→development of continental volcanism;two-episode volcanism causing LIPs of the Emeishan Basalt and the Siberian Trap(259–251 Ma)→global warming and mass extinction;continental aridification and replacement of monsoon system by latitudinal wind system→destruction of vegetation;enhanced weathering and CH4emission→negative excursion ofδ13C;mantle plume→crust doming→regression;possible relation between the Illawarra magnetic reversal and the PTB extinction,and so on.Mantle plume produced the Late Permian LIPs and mantle convection may have caused the process of the Pangea integration.Subduction,delamination,and accumulation of the earth’s cool lithospheric material at the"D"layer of CMB started mantle plume by heat compensation and disturbed the oute

关 键 词：Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction Pangea integration multi-sphere coupling mantle plume 

分 类 号：Q111.7[生物学—普通生物学]