黄花蒿氮、磷、钾、钙、镁营养吸收分配规律研究  

Regularity of absorption and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and magnesium in Artemisia annua

作　　者：杨美权[1] 刘大会[1] 邵爱娟[2] 陈美兰[2] 金航[1] 杨野[3] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,云南昆明650231 [2]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [3]昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院,云南昆明650050

出　　处：《中草药》2013年第19期2745-2752,共8页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目(SB2007FY020)

摘　　要：目的研究黄花蒿植株干物质累积规律，以及对氮、磷、钾、钙和镁营养吸收与分配规律，并为制定黄花蒿科学施肥措施提供理论依据。方法对黄花蒿不同生育期进行取样，分别测定植株不同功能构件的干物质量及氮、磷、钾、钙和镁的量。结果移栽后前40d为黄花蒿幼龄期，干物质主要分配于叶片：移栽40～100d为营养生长期，干物质主要分配于叶片及枝；移栽100～180d为生殖生长期，其中100～140d为生殖生长前期，干物质主要分配于枝及花蕾，140～180d为生殖生长后期，干物质主要分配于枝和种子。黄花蒿幼龄期营养元素累积量最低；营养生长期对各营养元素的吸收量开始增加，主要分配于叶片和枝；生殖生长前期仍主要分配于叶片，但开始向花蕾转移；生殖生长后期主要分配于种子。黄花蒿干物质总量与营养元素吸收量问呈显著正相关关系，全生育期氮、钾、镁、钙、磷总累积量比约为4．21：4．17：0．74：0．63：O．24。结论黄花蒿幼龄期应少施肥，以减少养分流失；移栽40～140d，黄花蒿进入快速生长阶段，应及时追肥以满足植株对养分的需求，尤以氮、钾和镁肥为主；磷、钙和镁在100～120d需求较大，应尽早施入及在现蕾期喷施速效钙镁磷肥，以保证花蕾的分化和种子的形成。Objective To study the regularity of dry matter accumulation and its absorption and distribution of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P）, potassium （K）, calcium （Ca）, and magnesium （Mg） in Artemisia annua, and to provide a scientific fertilizer application for the standardized cultivation. Methods The sampling was carried out in the different growing periods of A. annua under field condition, and the amount of dry matter and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in all parts of the plant were determined, respectively. Results The dry matter mainly distributed in leaves within 40 d after transplanting, and this period could be defined as seedling period. The period within 40--100 d could be defined as vegetative growth period and the dry matter mainly distributed in leaves and branches. The period within 100---180 d could be defined as reproductive growth period. And the period of 100---140 d could be defined as earlier reproductive growth period, and the dry matter mainly distributed in branches and flower buds during tiffs time. The period of 140--180 d could be defined as later reproductive growth period, the dry matter mainly distributed in branches and seeds during this time. The accumulation of nutrition Was the lowest in seedling period; but the uptake of nutrition increased in vegetative growth period, and mainly distributed in leaves and branches. Nutrition mainly distributed in leaves earlier reproductive growth period, but transferred to flower buds gradually. Nutrition mainly distributed in seeds in the later reproductive growth period, The dry matter accumulation lineally increased with the assimilation and accumulation of N, K, Mg, Ca, and P. The uptake proportion of them was 4.21 ： 4.17 ： 0.74 ： 0.63 ： 0.24 in the whole growth period. Conclusion Low nutrition should be applied during seedling stage to controlling the loss of nutrition. During the period of 40---140 d after transplanting, A. annua grows quickly, and mineral nutrition must be supplied especially N and K. The maximum

关 键 词：黄花蒿 干物质累积 矿质营养 吸收 分配 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]