遮光条件下施氮量对棉花生长发育及产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Levels on the Growth,Development and Yield of Cotton under Shading Conditions

作　　者：石俊毅[1] 张巨松[1] 王聪[1] 宋雪芳[1] 苏丽丽[1] 朱浩才 魏鑫[1] 徐新霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]喀什岳普湖县农技推广中心,新疆喀什844000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第10期1765-1772,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目"南疆三地州高效现代特色农业关键技术研究与集成示范"(2009BADA4B01-3);新疆维吾尔自治区科技兴农项目"枣棉间套作立体高效种植技术示范推广"

摘　　要：【目的】研究遮光条件下施氮量对棉花生长发育及产量的影响,为果棉间作棉花合理施氮量提供理论依据。【方法】模拟果棉间作条件,通过人工遮光田间试验并设置不同的氮素水平,记载棉花生育进程,调查测定农艺性状、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶面积指数、干物质积累及产量,比较不同处理间的差异并对测定指标之间的关系进行分析。【结果】遮光延长了棉花的花铃期,且随着氮肥施用量的增加影响程度加重;遮光对株高、株宽、倒四叶宽影响较大,施氮量320 kg/hm^2(N_1)株型理想;遮光使叶绿素含量升高,并随着施氮量的增加而升高,施氮量320 kg/hm^2(N_1)能保持较高的净光合速率和叶面积指数,冠层结构合理,干物质积累较多,最终皮棉产量最高,较不施氮(N_0)及施氮量480 kg/hm^2(N_2)处理提高约64.0%和17.9%。【结论】遮光对棉花生长发育及产量影响较大,施氮量为320 kg/hm^2时,有利于产量的提高。[ Objective ] In order to provide a theoretical basis for appropriate nitrogen fertilization in cotton field under fruit - cotton intercropping conditions, this project aims to explore the effect of nitrogen levels on the growth, development and yield of cotton under Shading conditions. [ Method ] The experiment was con- ducted by simulating shading environment manually and setting different nitrogen levels, during which, the re- productive process was recorded, agronomic traits, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, leaf area in- dex, dry matter accumulation and yield were surveyed, and ~hen the difference and relationship between the indexes were analyzed. [ Result ] After shading, flower and boll stage of cotton was extended, and with the in- crease of nitrogen levels, the impaction aggravated; plant height, plant breadth and function leaf breadth were impacted, the shape of Nitrogen rates of 320 kg/hm2 （ N1 ） plant was ideal ; the chlorophyll content increased with increasing of nitrogen levels; Nitrogen rates of 320 kg/hm^2 （Nl ） could maintain a high nct photosynthetic rate, higher leaf area index, more dry matter accumulation, canopy structure was reasonable, and ultimately the highest lint yield, which would be increased by 64.0% and 17.9% kg/hm2 （ NO ） and Nitrogen rates of 480 kg/hm2 （ N2 ）. [ Conclusion ] The velopment and yield of cotton was greater, and the nitrogen rate of 320 yield. respectively than Nitrogen rates of 0 impact of shading on the growth, de- kg/hm2 was beneficial to the cotton

关 键 词：棉花 遮光 氮素 生长发育 皮棉产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S503.54