不同枣品种幼龄树落花落果的规律研究  

Study on the Law for Flower and Fruit Dropping in Different Cultivars of Zizyphus jujube

作　　者：吴翠云[1,2,3] 张娟[1] 王合理[1] 李天红[2] 李亚琼[3] 闫芬芬[4] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [3]新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护与利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]新疆生产建设兵团农一师10团南疆特色苗木基地,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第10期1834-1841,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目子课题(2011BAD48B01);兵团农业类产学研重大专项(2010ZX02);塔里木大学创新群体项目(TDZKCX1001);兵团育种专项(2011BA003)

摘　　要：[目的]掌握新疆地域条件下密植枣园幼龄树的落花落果动态变化规律,实现枣树花果量的调控和制定保花保果技术措施.[方法]调查引进新疆南疆的23个枣品种幼龄树全株的开花量变化与生理落花落果情况.[结果]枣品种开花期可从6月上旬持续到8月中旬,集中花期分布在6月底～7月底,期间主要出现6月28日～7月10日和7月16～22日两个开花高峰期,落花动态变化规律与总花量变化趋势高度一致,也出现两次落花高峰期,分别在7月4 ～10日和7月17 ～ 22日,落花量分别占落花总数的24.48％和15.86％.而生理落果的动态变化规律以及落果量和落果高峰期因枣品种不同而表现较大差异,一般出现两次或三次落果高峰.从整个开花坐果期的落花落果情况来看,23个枣品种的单株平均落花率分布在91.72％ ～99.95％,平均落花率98.40％,落果率分布在7.79％～ 98.96％,平均51.81％.[结论]枣的开花与落花动态变化趋势高度一致,但开花与落花总量在品种间表现较大差异;落果动态变化及落果量和落果高峰期因枣品种不同也表现较大差异.[ Objective] To master the change law for flower and fruit dropping of jujube and to realize the technical measures of protecting flowers and fruits on jujube young trees. [ Method ] The law of flower and fruit dropping of 23 jujube cultivars were observed and studied. [ Result] The flowering stage lasted from the early June to the middle August with the two peak stages of June 28 - July 10 and July 16 - July 22. The dy- namic change law of jujube flower dropping was similar to that of flowering trend, and there were two peak sta- ges of flower dropping, respectively in July 4 - July 7 and July 17 - July 22 with flower dropping rate 24.48% and 15.86%, respectively. The dynamic change rule and peak stage of physiological fruit dropping were different according to jujube varieties, that is, two or three times dropping peaks would generally. From the en- tire flowering and fruit setting of the 23 different jujube cultivars, the flower dropping rate of single plant distri- bution was between 91.72% -99.95% with an average rate of 98.40%, and the fruit dropping rate distribu- tion was between 7.79% -98.96% with an average of 51.81%. [ Conclusion]The dynamic change trend in flowering and flower drop was highly consistent. But the quantity of flower and fruit dropping and its peak stage were different between jujube varieties.

关 键 词：枣 落花落果 幼龄树 动态变化规律 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]