放牧型退化草地植被重建效果的初步研究  

Preliminary Study on the Effect of Reconstructed Grassland for Grazing

作　　者：王雪佼[1] 靳瑰丽[1] 朱进忠[1] 古伟容[1] 加娜尔古丽.穆沙 穆肖云[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院/新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第10期1893-1901,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家牧草产业技术体系项目"草地稳产与持续利用关键技术"(CARS-35)

摘　　要：【目的】通过对放牧型退化草地植被重建效果进行研究,探寻对严重退化草地的合理建植方式。【方法】选取红三叶(Trifolium pratense)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)(引进)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、早熟禾(Poa sp.)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)6种牧草,豆禾比3:7,混6、混4和混2三种豆禾混播方式,于2011、2012年在豆科牧草花期与禾本科牧草抽穗期,测定草地群落特征指标,对比分析重建组合群落特征变化,进一步采用相似优先比法综合评价重建效果。【结果】各重建组合除盖度外,其余指标第二年高于第一年,且两年各指标优于未重建草地,群落盖度、高度、密度、产量和豆科牧草产量比值最高者分别为B_1(B_(10)),B_9,B_6,B_7,B_8;综合评价结果为,B_1效果最好,B_(10)和B_7较好,B_(14)效果较差。【结论】各重建组合对退化草地在数量和质量上都有明显的改良效果,但针对群落各单项特征指标而言,最优值所在的混播组合并不一致。[ Objective] In order to search for a suitable method of vegetation construction for seriously degraded grassland , this project researched the effect of reconstruction grassland for grazing. [ Method ] 6 for- ages were chosen, including red clover （Trifolium pratense）, white clover （Trifolium repens）, tall feseue （ Festuca arundinacea）, bluegrass （ Poa sp. ） , orchard grass （ Dactylis glomerata） and awnless brome （ Bro- mus inermis）, ratio of leguminous to gramineous was 3 ： 7, three leguminous and gramineous mixed - sown methods are used： Mixture 6, Mixture 4 and Mixture 2. Characteristic index of grassland community is meas- ured and characteristic variation of. rebuilt community during the flowering period of legume forages and head- ing period of gramineous pasture in 2011 ＆ 2012 is analyzed so as to evaluate reconstructive results compre- hensively through similar priority method. [ Result ] The indexes in all the rebuilt groups were higher than those in previous year except the coverage, and they were especially better than those in the grassland which was not rebuilt. The highest ratio of coverage, height, density and output of community to leguminous forage output were B1 （ B10 ）, B9, B6, B7 and Bs respectively. From the comprehensive assessment, B1 had the best re- built result, followed by B10 ,BT, but BI4 had the worst rebuilt result. [ Conclusion] Each rebuilt group had obvious improvement on degraded grassland in the aspect of quantity and quality, however, characteristic in- dex of each community rank was unstable.

关 键 词：放牧型 重建草地 群落特征 综合评价 

分 类 号：S812.68[农业科学—草业科学]