基于GIS的广西水稻种植布局精细化气候区划  

Refined Climatic Division of Rice Planting Distribution Using GIS in Guangxi, China

作　　者：何燕 王斌[2] 江立庚[2] 孟翠丽[1] 欧钊荣[1] 徐世宏 

机构地区：[1]广西区气象减灾研究所/国家卫星气象中心遥感应用示范基地,南宁530022 [2]广西大学作物栽培学与耕作学重点实验室,南宁530005 [3]广西区农业技术推广总站,南宁530022

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2013年第6期658-664,共7页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：广西自然科学基金资助项目(2011GXNSFA018098;桂科自0832204);广西科技攻关项目(桂科攻10100004-6);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队(水稻)专题项目(nycytxgxcxtd-01-01);广西八桂学者岗位专项

摘　　要：根据水稻生长发育对气候条件的要求,分析确定了广西种植水稻合理布局的关键气候因子以及气候区划等级指标,即水稻安全生育期天数、安全期活动积温、日平均气温≥10℃的日照时数、年平均气温等4个关键气候因子,作为划分广西水稻种植布局的气候区划指标。采用广西90个气象台站1961-2010年的气候资料以及对应站点的地理基础信息数据,应用GIS技术和逐步回归分析方法建立气候区划指标因子的空间模拟推算模型,即水稻安全生育期天数的模拟推算模型(Y=1193.028-9.831φ-0.086 h-6.680λ),安全期活动积温的模拟推算模型(Y=30166.74-262.656φ-2.848 h-165.549λ),日平均气温≥10℃的日照时数模拟推算模型(Y=6665.195-110.344φ-0.416 h-23.416λ),以及年平均气温的模拟推算模型(Y=73.237-0.735φ-0.005 h-0.314λ),并对气候区划指标要素进行细网格推算和残差订正计算,然后依据已确定的水稻各项气候区划等级指标,把广西划分为迟熟双季稻适宜气候区、中迟熟双季稻适宜气候区、早中熟双季稻适宜气候区、单季稻再生稻适宜气候区等四个气候区域,制作广西种植水稻布局的精细化气候区划专题图,并对其区划结果进行分析评述,提出适宜品种的建议。According to the climatic requirements of rice growth and development, four key climatic factors, including length of safe period for rice cropping, active accumulated temperature during the safe period, sunshine hours during the period when daily mean temperature above 10℃ and annual mean temperature, were selected as the indices to classify agro-climatic zones for rice cropping in Guangxi. Climatic data during 1961 to 2010 and related geographical information data of 90 weather stations in Guangxi were used to establish spatial calculating models for the classification indices. The spatial calculating models for the safe period for rice cropping（ Y = 1193.028--9.831 φ --0.086h- 6. 680 X）, the active accumulated temperature during the safe period （Y= 30166.74--262.656 φ--2.848 h --165.549 X）, the sunshine hours during the period when daily mean temperature above 10℃ （Y= 6665.195- 110.344 φ --0.416 h -- 23. 416 X）, and the annual mean temperature （Y = 73.237- 0. 735 φ--0.005 h --0. 314 X） were obtained by using geographic infermation system （GIS） technology and stepwise regression method, and fine-grid calculation and residual error correction were carried out for each classification index. Based on the identified classification rules, four agro-climatic zones, namely late-maturing double-rice cropping zone, middle and late-maturing double-rice cropping zone, early and middle-maturing double-rice cropping zone, and single rice-ratoon rice cropping zone, were classified for rice cropping in Guangxi, and the map of agro-climatic zones for rice cropping in Guangxi was built.

关 键 词：地理信息系统 水稻布局 气候区划 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]