内外资技术差距与中国出口产品质量升级研究——基于中国7个制造业行业数据的经验研究  

Research on Technology Gap and China's Export Quality Upgrading:The Empirical Study Based on China's Seven Manufacturing Industries Data

作　　者：王明益[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学国际经贸学院,250014

出　　处：《经济评论》2013年第6期59-69,共11页Economic Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“稳定我国对外贸易增长研究”(项目编号:13YJA790043);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“中国外贸发展方式转变的绩效、影响因素与路径研究”(项目编号:11YJA790229);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“产品内国际分工下贸易利益测算方法研究及我国贸易利益测算”(项目编号:10YJA790155)的资助

摘　　要：本文从技术差距的视角研究了外资对中国出口产品质量升级的影响。理论层面论证了内外资技术差距对出口产品质量升级可能存在倒U型关系的结论。在经验层面,以修正的出口质量指数衡量出口质量水平,并且选取1992-2012年我国制造业7个代表性行业为研究样本进行实证检验。实证结果表明,我国部分制造业行业确实存在这种倒U型关系;合理的技术差距能够显著地提高出口产品质量;包含加工贸易方式的出口会在一定程度上高估中国出口产品的质量水平,但一般贸易方式下外资仍能显著地提高我国出口产品的质量水平;港澳台外资因技术差距合理,其对出口产品质量的提升效果比欧美外资更明显。基于此,本文提出了相应的政策建议,如引资要充分考虑技术差距的合理性、技术的来源地,适当引导外资与一般贸易方式相结合,加强研发与较高水平人力资本的培育等。This paper studies the influence of FDI on China＇ s export product quality upgrading from the technology gap perspective. The theory analysis demonstrates that there may be an inverted U relationship between technology gap and the quality of export products. At the empirical level, the empirical results based on the amended export quality index and seven representative industries samples from 1992 to 2012 show that ：The reasonable technology gap can significantly increase the quality of export products; China＇ s exports containing processing trade would overestimate the quality level of Chinese export products to a certain extent,while general trade could also significantly improve the quality of China＇ s export products; the contributions of FDI from Hongkoug, Macao, and Chinese Taiwan are even bigger than those from the west owing to their more reasonable technology gap. Based on this, this paper presents the corresponding policy recommendations, such as considering the rationality of technology gap and the origin of FDI, combining the FDI with general trade properly,and strengthening the cultivation of R＆D and a higher level of human capital.

关 键 词：技术差距 出口质量指数 倒U型关系 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易] F224[经济管理—产业经济]