绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯光合生理特性与水分利用  

Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics and Water Use of Potato with Mulched Drip Irrigation under Water Deficit in Oasis Region

作　　者：张恒嘉[1] 李晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2013年第10期143-151,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：甘肃省高等学校基本科研业务费资助项目(2012);甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2010)

摘　　要：通过大田试验研究了调亏灌溉对绿洲膜下滴灌马铃薯各项光合生理指标、产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明:不同生育期水分调亏均可引起马铃薯叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度降低,复水后光合速率变化不大,蒸腾速率和气孔导度则均有所增大。块茎形成期轻度调亏马铃薯产量不会降低,而块茎形成期中度调亏、块茎膨大期轻度和中度调亏马铃薯产量则显著(p<0.05)降低。马铃薯不同生育阶段耗水量受水分调亏影响较大,调亏程度越大耗水量减少越显著,所有水分调亏马铃薯全生育期耗水量均显著低于充分供水。块茎形成期水分轻度调亏马铃薯水分利用效率最高,比块茎膨大期中度调亏、淀粉积累期轻度调亏和全生育期充分供水分别提高36.2%、32.4%和14.2%。因此,膜下滴灌调亏可降低马铃薯光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和耗水量,促进水分利用效率提高,且块茎形成期轻度调亏不会降低马铃薯产量。A field experiment was conducted to test the effect of mulched drip irrigation under water deficit regulation （WDR） on leaf photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr ）, stomatal conductance （Gs） , tuber yield and potato water use in oasis irrigation region. The results showed that Pn, Tr and Gs were reduced by WDR during different potato growth stages. No obvious difference was found in P before and after re-watering of potato, but Tr and Gs were obviously improved. Potato yield was not decreased by low WDR during tuber initiation, but was significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased in the medium WDR plots during tuber initiation and low and medium WDR plots during tuber bulking. Periodic water consumption of potato was greatly affected by WDR, and the higher soil water deficit, the less potato periodic water consumption. In addition, the total water consumption throughout the whole growing season was significantly lower in all the WDR potatoes than that in full irrigation plots （CK）. The highest water use efficiency （WUE） was maintained in low WDR potato during tuber initiation, significantly improved by 36.2% , 32.4% and 14.2% than that in medium WDR plots during tuber bulking, low WDR plots during potato starch accumulation and CK, respectively. Therefore, mulched drip irrigation under WDR may reduce P, Tr, Gs, and periodic and total water consumption of potato, but its WUE can be greatly improved. In addition, potato yield will not be reduced by mulched drip irrigation under low WDR during tuber initiation.

关 键 词：绿洲马铃薯 膜下滴灌 水分调亏 光合生理特性 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] Q945.17[生物学—植物学]